Chapter 5 Book Notes

Front 1

von Neumann Architecture

Back 1

1. memory unit holds both data and instructions
2. arithmetic/logic unit is cpable of performing arithmetic and logic operations on data
3. Input unit moves data from the outsie world into the computer
4. Outupt unit moves results from inside the computer to the outside world
5. Control unit ensures all components act together

Front 2

Defining moment that the von Neumann architecture was built on?

Back 2

The realization that data and instructions used to manipulate the data were logically the same and could be stored in the same place.

Front 3

Major characteristic of von Neumann architecture?

Back 3

That the units that process infromation are separate from units that store information.

Front 4

Addressability

Back 4

The number of bits store in each addressable location in memory.

Front 5

Arithmetic/Logic Uni (ALU)

Back 5

The computer component that performs arithmetic operations(+) (-) (x) (/) and logical operations (comparison of two values). Operates on words, a natural unit of data associated with a particular computer design.

Front 6

Register

Back 6

A small storage area in the CPU used to store intermediate values or special data. Access to registers is much faster than access to memory locations.

Front 7

Input Unit

Back 7

A device that accepts data to be stored in memory. Include keyboard, mouse, scanning devices used at Jewel.

Front 8

Output Unit

Back 8

A device that prints or otherwise displays data stored in memory or makes a permanent copy of information stored in memory or another device. Include displays (monitors) and printers

Front 9

Control Unit

Back 9

The computer component that controls the actions of the other components so as to execute instructions in sequence. In control of the fetch-execute cycle. Includes two special registers: IR and PC

Front 10

Instruction Register (IR)

Back 10

The register that contains the instruction currently be executed.

Front 11

Program Counter (PC)

Back 11

The register that contains the address of the next instruction to be executed.

Front 12

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Back 12

A combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit; the "brain" of a computer that interpets and executes instructions.

Front 13

Bus

Back 13

Connects the parts of the Von Neumann machine by a collection of wires. Data travels through the computer in this way

Front 14

Types of Information carried by the Bus

Back 14

1. Address
2. Data
3. Control

Front 15

Address

Back 15

Used to slect the memory location or device to which data will go or from which it will be taken.

Front 16

Data

Back 16

Flows over the bus between the CPU, memory, and I/O devices

Front 17

Control Information

Back 17

Used to manage the flow of addresses and data. Used to determine the direction in which the data is flowing, either from or to the CPU.

Front 18

Bus Width

Back 18

The number of bits that can be transfered in parallel over the bus. The wider the bus, the more addresses or data bits it can move at once.

Front 19

Cache Memory

Back 19

A type of small, high-speed memory used to hold frequently used data. Before a main memory access is made, the CPU checks the data stored in cache memory.

Front 20

Pipelining

Back 20

A technique that breaks an instruction into smaller steps that can be overlapped.

Front 21

Motherboard

Back 21

The main circuit board of a personal computer.

Front 22

Instruction Storage

Back 22

Stored in contiguous memory locations separate from the memory location of data. Instructions are addressable.

Front 23

Fetch-Execute Cycle

Back 23

Address of first instruction loaded into program counter then:
1. Fetch the next instruction
2. Decode the instruction
3. Get data if needed
4. Execute the instruction