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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are most human traits controlled by?
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a single gene with 1 dominate allele & 1 recessive allele
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what do traits control
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hair color eye color windows peak or dimples, etc
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What are some other traits controlled by??
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multiple alleles
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multiple alleles
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three or more alleles
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how many alleles control human blood type?
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3
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what are the 4 main human blood types?
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A, B, AB, O
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Co-dominence
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were both traits are expressed in the offspring without being blended.
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incomplete dominance
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were both traits are blended to create a different phenotype then the others
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Type A and type B blood are always...
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co-dominant
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type O blood is always a what allele?
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recessive
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Genotype blood for A could be what?
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AA AO
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Genotype blood for B could be what?
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BB BO
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the only way for type O blood would be for a genotype of
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OO
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Sometimes what could influence the efforts of a gene.
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surroundings or environment
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Sex Chromosomes are found on what pair of chromosomes?
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23rd pair
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what chromosomes are females?
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XX
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What chromosomes are males?
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XY
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what is Sex-Linked Traits
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traits passed on from parent to offspring on the sex chromosomes
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who is more likely to inherit a sex-linked trait
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males
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what two ways are genetics disorders inherited?
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1) change in the gene or chromosomes called a Mutation
2) changes in the overall structure or number of chromosomes |
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Colorblindness (what it causes, how inherited)
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Causes- vision problem between the colors red and green
how- is controlled by a recessive allele on the X chromosomes |
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Cystic Fibrosis (what it causes, how inherited)
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Causes- body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs & intestine causing breathing difficulty
how- is controlled by a recessive allele on the one chromosomes. It is the result of a mutation in which 3 of 4 nitrogen bases are missing from the DNA |
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Sickle-cell Disease (what it causes, how inherited)
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causes- sickle shaped blood cells which can clog blood vessels and a lack of oxygen movement in the body
how- Must inherit 2 recessive alleles for the disorder. I you inherit 1 allele your will not have the disorder but will be a carrier how- |
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Hemophilia (what it causes, how inherited)
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causes- persons blood clots very slowly or not at all. Danger of internal bleeding from small bumps and bruises
how- must inherit a recessive allele on the X chromosome |
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Down syndrome (what it causes, how inherited)
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causes- some degree of mental retardation as well as hear defects
how- person’s cells have an extra copy of chromosomes 21 because the chromosomes did not separate correctly |
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2 genetics tools to track disorders throughout families and probability of inheritance
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punnett square and pedigree chart
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karyotype
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shows a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, this helps doctors detect disorders such as Down Syndrome
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treatment for cystic fibrosis
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physical therapy
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treatment for sickle cell disease
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vitamins and acids
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treatment for down syndrome
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education and job training
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Selective Breeding
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a process of which going out and selecting certain organisms with desired traits to be the parents of a new generation
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two types of selective breeding
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inbreeding
hybridization |
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inbreeding
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crossing two organisms that have similar and desirable characteristics because the offerings will probably inherit those same characteristics.
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hybridization
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crossing two different organisms hoping for the best traits from both parents
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cloning
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cloned organisms have exactly the same traits from the organism from which it came from
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genetic engineering
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the process in which genes from one organism are transferred in the DNA or another organism. The hope of this one day is that a doctor could treat hemophilia by replacing a infected cell with a healthy cell from another pacient
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Selective Breeding
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going out and selecting purposefully the next generation to breed
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inbreeding
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crossing two organisms that have the same qualities
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hybridization
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crossing two different breeds to create a new one
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cloning
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exactly the same traits as the original
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genetic engineering
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process in which you transfer DNA from 1 organism into another
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