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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 parts to cell theory |
1.) Cells are the basic unit of life 2.) If you are living, you are made of cells 3.) All cells come from other cells |
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3 things a microscope does |
Magnification, resolution, and contrast |
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LEM |
Dead specimen and 2D |
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SEM |
Dead specimen and 3D |
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Cell Fractionation |
Breaking a cell apart into its organelles |
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In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and cytosol |
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Surface area |
Good for a cell to have a lot of surface area. Also easy for things to get places within a cell. |
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Nucleus |
Control center of cell and contains DNA |
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Nuclear Envelope |
Surrounds nucleus and has 2 phospholipid bilayers and has nuclear pores |
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Nuclear Pores |
Used to get ribosomes and mRNA in and out of the nucleus |
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DNA |
Genetic information. Found in nucleus, Mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
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Nucleolus |
Found inside the nucleus and it is where ribosomes are made |
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Nuclear Lamina |
Keeps the nucleus from collapsing. Made of intermediate |
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Ribosomes |
Make protein and found in the cytoplasm are bound to rough ER |
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Endomembrane System |
Nuclear Envelope, plasma membrane, rough and smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, lyosomes, vacuole, and vesicles |
7 Parts |
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Smooth ER |
Detoxifies poisons, drugs, and alcohols. Produces hormones. And muscle contraction. |
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Rough ER |
Helps produce protein. Has ribosomes attached |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Modifies proteins and ships it out to the cell in transport vesicles |
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Cis and Trans |
Cis is facing each other and Trans is facing the outside of the cell |
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CMM |
The transport vesicles become the GA and the last trans layer breaks away and doesn't come back |
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Lyosomes |
Digestive organelle |
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Autophagy |
When a lyosome recycles old organelles |
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Phagosytosis |
Absorbing stuff from outside a cell. Think of white blood cells or how bacteria eats |
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Vacuoles |
Used for stored of water and other things |
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Contractile Vacuole |
Specialized Vacuole that pumps water out of a cell. Looks like a star and remember video |
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Endosymbiosis Theory |
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts used to be separate prokaryotic cells and were eventually absorbed into the cell. Evidence- They have DNA and ribosomes within their double membrane |
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Mitochondria |
Powerhouse of the cell. Burns sugar know as cellular respiration. Found in plant and animal cells |
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Chloroplasts |
Makes sugar through photosynthesis. It does not burn sugar. |
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Peroxisomes |
They detoxify using enzymes catalase and oxidase. The stuff is then let out as water and oxygen. |
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Cytoskeleton |
Shapes and supports a cell |
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Microtubules |
Hollow, made of Tubulin, alpha and beta dimers, cilia and flagella. |
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Cell Motility |
Movement of whole cell or stuff inside the cell |
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Centosome |
Animals only. Area that contains centrioles that are used for cell division. |
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Cilia and Flagella |
Move the whole cell and have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules |
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Basal body |
Base of Cilia and Flagella. Microtubules have a 9+3+0 arrangement. |
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Dinean Arms |
Proteins that move up and down the microtubules within the cilia and flagella. That creates the waving motion that moves the cell. |
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Microfilaments |
Solid, made of Actin, thin, used in cell division |
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Microvili |
Off branches of a cell that are used to create more surface area. Made up of microfilaments. Like a cell found in the intestines |
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Intermediate |
Solid, made of Keratin, more permanent and makes up the nuclear Lamina |
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Cell Wall |
Outside of a plant cell. Primary is built first and allows cell to grow. Secondary is solid and built second |
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Plasmodeamata |
A whole in a plant cell that allows it to communicate with other cells. Lets water and other small solutes through |
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Tight junctions |
'Sews' doesn't let stuff get between the cells |
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Middle Lamella |
Glues plant cells together |
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Demosomes |
'Rivets' cells together. Held in place by intermediate |
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Gap Junction |
Channels between animal cells. Lets sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules through |
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ECM (Extracellular Matrix) |
Holds shape of animal cells and used for communication |
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Collagen |
Main protein of ECM |
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Fibronectin |
Attaches collagen to integrins |
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Intgrins |
Protein channels used for communication |
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Proteoglycan Complex |
Protein and sugar that helps hold the collagen in place |
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