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17 Cards in this Set
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1. Explain why Kennedy won the presidential election in 1960. |
•He took full advantage of all of his opportunities. •He appealed to the rank and file in primaries, he also chose Lyndon Johnson of Texas as his running mate to block out Nixon's control of the South. •He symbolized youth, energy, and ambition •TV DEBATES WITH NIXON •SECURED PRISON RELEASE OF MLK WHICH GAINED BLACK SUPPORT •POSSIBLE VOTER FRAUDIN TEXAS AND ILLINOIS |
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2. Describe Kennedy's defense policy. |
•First goal was to build up the nation's armed forces. •Construction of an awesome nuclear arsenal that included 1000 Minuteman solid fuel ICBMs and 32 Polaris submarines with 656 missiles. •Developed plans to add five combat ready army divisions, three tactical air wings, and a ten-division strategic reserve. •Expanded the Special Forces unit in North Carolina and insisted that it adopt a green beret as a symbol of its elite status. •New policy of flexible response. Could choose among several defense plans. |
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3. Describe Kennedy's strategy for containing Communism |
•Financial and technical assistance to help Third World Countries achieve economic moderation and stable free governments. •He formed the idealistic Peace Corps and the ambitious Alliance for Progress- economic aid program for Latin America. •He relied on the Green Berets to beat down communism. •Gave aid to Diem against North Vietnam. |
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4. Evaluate Kennedy's Cuban policy of 1961 concerning the Bay of Pigs |
•He decided to proceed with the Bay of Pigs invasion to overthrow Castro. •Five hundred exiles died, and the rest had to surrender. •He ended up harassing the Castro regime, imposing an economic blockage, supported raids by exile groups from Florida, and allowed the CIA to experiment with plots to kill Castro. |
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5. Describe the Russian and U.S. actions in the Cuban missile crisis. What were the results? |
•Soviet began a massive arms buildup in Cuba to protect Castro from an American invasion. •Kennedy had stopped direct U-2 overflights of Cuba.Found out about the missiles. •Kennedy decided to proclaim a quarantine of Cuba to prevent the arrival of new missiles and threaten a nuclear confrontation to force the removal of those already there. •If the Russians wouldn't corporate, the US would invade Cuba and take the missiles by force. •Then, Russia agreed to remove the missiles if Kennedy promised to not invade Cuba. •NAVAL BLOCKADE RESULTS? •HOT LINE BETWEEN US AND USSR •TEST BAN TREATY •SOVIETS INCREASED NAVY •JFK BECAME LESS CONFRONTATIONAL AND MORE WILLING TO COMPROMISE |
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6. Describe Kennedy's civil rights program |
•Tried to expand voting rights to blacks. •Appointed blacks to high office positions. •Indirect approach. •Convinced the ICC ( Interstate Commerce commission) to ban segregation in all bus and train stations. •He sponsored civil rights legislation providing equal access to all public accommodations as well as an extension of voting rights for African Americans |
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7. Name the Kennedy programs Johnson pushed through Congress. |
•Liberal amendments that strengthened the Bill in the House. •1964 Civil Rights Act made illegal the segregation of blacks in public facilities, •Equal Opportunity Commission to lessen racial discrimination in employment, protested the voting rights of blacks. •He added gender to the prohibition of discrimination in Title VII of the act. |
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8. Describe the political consequences for passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964. |
•The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination and segregation on the basis of race, religion, national origin and gender in the workplace, schools, and public accommodations and in federally assisted programs. •SOUTHERN CONSERVATIVES LEFT DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND JOINED REPUBLICANS |
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9. List the legislative accomplishments of Johnson's Great Society. |
•He gave health care and education top priority. •He settled for Medicare which mandated health insurance under the Social Security program for people over 65. •Medicaid for the younger people. •The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided one billion in federal aid. •Voting Rights Act of 1965 which banned literacy tests in states. •Two new cabinet departments, TRANSPORTATION AND HUD acts to provide highway safety, clean air and water, higher education money, war on poverty, immigration reform policy. •MORE FED MONEY FOR EDUCATION |
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10. Explain the motivation and results of the Gulf of Tonkin resolution. |
•Wanted the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to demonstrate to North Vietnam the American determination to defend South Vietnam at any costs. •He also wanted to preempt the Vietnam issue from his Republican opponent. •Results: Voted for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. •He could use as much force as possible. •NO – WE NEVER DECLARED WAR ON VIETNAM •U.S. CLAIMED SHIPS WERE FIRED ON BY NORTH VIETNAM •LBJ WANTED TO PREVENT REPUBLICANS FROM CONTROLLING THIS ISSUE •LED TO LBJ’S DOWNFALL AS U.S. WAS BOGGED DOWN |
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11. Explain why Johnson pushed the U.S. into large-scale involvement in South Vietnam. |
•This was for a series of steps designed primarily to prevent a North Vietnamese victory. •Wanted American air attacks to block North Vietnamese infiltration routes, make Hanoi pay a heavy price for its role, and lift the morale of South Vietnam. •Air strikes didn't work •LBJ THOUGHT WITHDRAWAL WOULD HURT U.S. CREDIBILITY •LBJ LIED TO PUBLIC ABOUT SITUATION •UNSTABLE POLITICAL SITUATION IN SOUTH VIETNAM |
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12. Describe the impact of the American bombing campaign in North Vietnam |
•Operation Rolling Thunder was the codename for an American bombing campaign during the Vietnam War. •This massive bombardment was intended to put military pressure on North Vietnam's communist leaders and reduce their capacity to wage war against the U.S.-supported government of South Vietnam |
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13. Discuss the focus of the student revolt of the 1960's. |
•Free speech to act out against the Vietnam War. |
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14. Explain the fundamental change in the civil rights movement in the mid- 1960's and the rise of Black Power. |
•Wanted economic equality. •Raised the expectations of urban blacks for improvement. •Rage and destruction. •Also had many raids. •Mobs started to kill people. •Attacked shops and stores. •This was extremism. |
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15. Describe the events and results of the Tet Offensive in 1968. |
•This was the decisive event in breaking the stalemate in Vietnam and driving Johnson from office. •They used deceptive tactics began a prolonged siege of an American marine base. •They used this tactic at Tet as a surprise attack in the populated cities. •The US repelled the attack. It was the turning point of the Vietnam War. •Communists held on to most rural areas and had scored an impressive political victory. •They were winning the war. •This cost Johnson the presidential victory. •CAUGHT U.S. AND SOUTH VIETNAM FORCES BY SURPRISE •MILITARY DEFEAT FOR COMMUNISTS BUT A POLTICIAL VICTORY FOR THEM |
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16. Describe the efforts and goals of Cesar Chavez. |
•Cesar Chavez gains grounds for farmers •Cesar Chavez is best known for his efforts to gain better working conditions for the thousands of workers who labored. •ORGAINZED GRAPE AND LETTUCE PICKERS |
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17. Explain the campaign and the results of the presidential election of 1968 |
•Hubert Humphrey - Democrat •Nixon - Republican: won •Wallace - Independent •Nixon told the American people he had a secret to end the war in Vietnam but he didn't say what it was. •Nixon role of reconcile for a nation torn by emotion, promised to reunite a divided country •Humphrey broke with Johnson in September that he would stop the bombing of North Korea. •Wallace appealed to the sense of powerlessness among the urban working class. • Nixon promised to unite a divided country. •Humphrey was torn between loyalty to LBJ and his own ideas |
