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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Federalism
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A system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, bewtween a central government and regional governments
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Unitary System
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A centralized government system in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government
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Federal System
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A system of government in which the national government shares power with lower levels of government, such as states
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Expressed powers
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Specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress (Article 1, Section 8) and to the president (Article II)
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Implied Powers
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Powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution. Such powers are not specifically expressed, but are implied through the expansive interpertation of delegated powers
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Necessary and Proper clause
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Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which provides Congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its expressed powers
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Reserved Powers
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Powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states
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Police Power
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Power reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens
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Concurrent Powers
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Authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes
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Full faith and credit clause
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Provision, from Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution, requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state
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Privileges and Immunities Clause
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Provision, from Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution, that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges
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Home Rule
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Power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs
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Dual Federalism
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The system of the government that prevailed in the US from 1789 to 1937, in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments
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Commerce Clause
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Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which delegates to Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes." This clause was interpreted by the Supreme Court in favor of the national power over the economy
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States' Rights
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The principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government. This principle was the most popular in the period before the Civil War
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Grants-in-aid
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Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government
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Categorical Grants
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Congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures by limited to a problem or group specified by law
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Project Grants
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Grant programs in which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies and for which funding is provided on a competitive basis
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Formula Grants
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Grants-in-aid in which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive
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**Cooperative Federalism**
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A type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals, Also known as "intergovernmental cooperation"
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Regulated Federalism
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A form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet nation standards
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Preemtion
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The principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack
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Unfunded Mandates
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Regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government
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Devolution
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A policy to remove a program from one level of govern
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