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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A cancer causing agent
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Carcinogen
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The weight of gas as compared to an equal volume of dry air
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Vapor density
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A description of a volume increase that occurs when a liquid changes to a gas
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Expansion ratio
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The gas phase of a substance
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Vapor
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The study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agents on living organisms
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Toxicology
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The minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in the air mixture for the mixture to be flammable or explosive |
Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) |
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Fluid buildup in the lungs
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Pulmonary edema
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The pressure exerted by a liquid's vapor until the liquid and vapor reach an equilibrium
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Vapor pressure
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The boundaries of a fuel/air mixture necessary for a combustible material to burn properly
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Flammable range
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The ability of a material to cause damage upon skin contact
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Corrosivity
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Bases have pH values that are....
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Bases have pH values that are greater than 7
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What is the least penetrating type of radiation?
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Alpha particles
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What type of chemical causes a substantial proportion of exposed people to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to that chemical?
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Sensitizer
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What substance prevents the body from using oxygen when exposed?
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Cyanide
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What adverse health affects are caused by long term exposure to a substance?
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Chronic health hazards
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What is a type of choking agent?
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Phosgene
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How is pH an expression of the concentration?
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Hydrogen ions in a given substance
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What is the hazardous chemical compounds that are released when a material decomposes under heat?
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Toxic products of combustion
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What is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas?
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Boiling point
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What type of exposure occurs when harmful substances are brought into the body through respiratory system?
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Inhalation exposure
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The nucleus of a radioactive isotope includes an unstable configuration of ....... |
Protons and neutrons |
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The process by which a person or object transfers contamination to another person or object by direct contact?
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Secondary contamination
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The expansion ratio is a description of the volume increase that occurs when a material changes from.....
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Liquid to gas
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The vapor pressure at the standard atmospheric pressure of 20 degrees Celsius can be expressed in pounds per square inch, atmospheres and millimeters of mercury? |
68 degrees F = 20 degrees C 14.7 psi 1 ATM 760 mm Hg |
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What does common acids have a pH value of?
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Less than 7
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What is the ability of a substance to dissolve in water?
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Water solubility
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What is the first step in understanding the hazard of any chemical?
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Involves the identifying of states of matter
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What is the ability of a chemical to undergo a change in its chemical makeup, usually with a release of some form of energy?
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Chemical change
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Air has a set vapor density value of ...
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1.0
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The weight of an airborne concentration as compared to an equal volume of dry air is the ....
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Vapor density
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Steel rusting and wood burning are examples of ...
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Chemical changes
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What is the process of transferring hazmat from source to people, animals and environment?
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Contamination
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What constituents in air exceeds 10% of lower flammable limit (LFL)?
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Flammable vapor
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What is the emission of energy by means of electromagnetic disturbances and has wave length and particle like behaviors?
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Radiation
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What filter catches 0.3 micron size, much smaller than dust or alpha radiation particles?
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HEPA filter
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What temperature is the minimum temperature at which a substance will ignite without an external ignition source?
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Ignition temperature
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What is the minimum temperature at which liquid or solid emits vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air?
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Flash point
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What chemicals are capable of causing seizures?
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Convulsant
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What type of change is subjected to outside influences such as heat, cold and pressure?
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Physical change
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What particles break chemical bonds, creating ions; therefore they are considered ionizing radiation?
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Beta
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What is the flash point of gasoline?
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-43 degrees F
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What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?
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14.7 pounds per inch
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How will most flammable liquids react with water?
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Float
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What is the specific gravity or water index value?
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Water = 1
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What is the specific gravity of water when it floats?
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Less than 1 = floats
Greater than 1 = sinks |
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What are the signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure? |
Salivation Lachrymation (tearing) Urination Defecation Gastric disturbance Emesis (vomitting) Miosis (concentration of the pupil) (SLUDGEM) |
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What are some types of Blister agents?
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Sulfur mustard
Lewisite |
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What is the most frequently consulted hazardous materials references used by emergency response agencies? |
Emergency Response Guide Book (ERG) |
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List four ways that chemicals enter the body |
Inhalation (through lung) Absorption (permeating the skin) Ingestion (gastrointestinal tract) Injection (through cuts or breaches in skin) |
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How do fire fighters remember the number of lighter than air gases? |
Hydrogen Acetlylene Helium Ammonia Methane Illuminating gas (neon and hydrogen cyanide) Carbon monoxide Ethylene Nitrogen (HA HA MICEN) |
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What is the "working definition" for a hazardous material?
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Potential energy that could be harmful when released from its container
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What are the three physical states that chemicals exist? |
Solid Liquid Gas |
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What does BLEVE stand for? |
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion |
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What is referred as a catastrophic failure in a pressured cylinder of a liquid? |
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) |
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How is chemical change different from physical change?
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Physical change is change in state |
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What is the expansion ratio and boiling point of water? |
Expansion ratio of 1,700:1 Boiling point 212 F |
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Why are flammable liquids with low boiling points dangerous? |
Large volumes of flammable vapor when exposed to relatively low temperatures |
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What are the three important aspects to consider when looking at the fire potential of a chemical? |
Flash point Ignition temperature Flammable range |
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What is the temperature at which sustained combustion occur?
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Fire point
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What term is associated with oil and common cause of stove fires?
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Ignition (auto-ignition) temperature
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What defines the amount of flammable vapor needed to keep a fire burning? |
Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) |
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What defines the amount of vapor need to cause ignition? |
Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) |
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Generally speaking, describe how the flammable range results in more dangerous the material?
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Wider the flammable range, the more dangerous the material
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What compares the "weight" of a given vapor with the "weight" of air?
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Vapor density
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Does a chemical that has a low vapor density rise or sink in air? |
Low vapor density (lower than 1) rise High vapor density (greater than 1) sinks |
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Liquid inside the container will vaporize until the molecules given off by the liquid reach equilibrium with the liquid itself
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Vapor pressure
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How is vapor pressure and speed at which a material evaporates once it is released from its container correlated?
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Vapor pressure directly correlates to the speed at which material evaporates
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At what temperature is vapor pressure standard? |
68 degrees F = 20 degrees C 14.7 psi 1 atm 760 torr 760 mm Hg |
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How is Corrosivity categorized? |
Acids Bases |
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What is the pH values of "Strong" corrosives? |
pH values of 2.5 and lower pH values of 12.5 and higher |
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What is the natural and spontaneous process by which unstable atoms (isotopes) of an element decay to different state and emit or radiate excess energy in the form of particles or waves?
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Radioactivity
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Which particles cannot travel very far from the nucleus of the atom?
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Alpha particles
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Which particles can travel several feet in the open air?
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Beta particles
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What is the most energetic type of radiation that fire fighters might encounter?
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Gamma radiation
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Which type of radiation are pure electromagnetic energy?
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Gamma radiation
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Which type of radiation can pass through thick solid objects very easily and generally follow the emission of a beta particle?
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Gamma radiation
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What is the difference between "hazard" and "exposure"?
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Hazard = material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety or environment
Exposure = process by which people, animals, environment and equipment are subjected to or come into contact with a hazardous material |
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What are the seven categories of WMD? |
Thermal Radio logic Asphyxiation Chemical Etiologic Mechanical Psychogenic (TRACEMP) |
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What WMD can enter the body through the lungs or the skin and then systemically affect the function of the human body?
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Nerve agents
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What WMD disrupts the central nervous system and possibly causing death or serous impairment?
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Nerve agents such as many common pesticides
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What are two types of Nerve Agents? |
Sarin VX |
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What are types of Choking Agents? |
Chlorine Phosgene Chloropicrin |
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What WMD can be disperesed to briefly incapacitate a person or groups of people? |
Irritant (mace, riot control agents) |
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Chemicals that pose a hazard to health after only relatively short exposure periods
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Acute health effects
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How is the ERG divided? |
Yellow = numerical Blue = alphabetical Orange = Guides Green = Evacuation isolation distances White = References, resources, call numbers |
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What is an expression of the temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapor that when an ignition source is present, results in flash fire?
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Flash point
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