Chapter 25 Exam 4

Front 1

Match the two components of the digestive
system to their description
 Muscular tube from mouth to anus

Back 1

Digestive tract

Front 2

Match the two components of the digestive
system to their description
Organs that do not form the tube but assist in
digestion

Back 2

Accessory organs

Front 3

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
 The bringing of food into the digestive tract

Back 3

Ingestion

Front 4

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
Physical breakdown of large particles

Back 4

Mechanical processing/digestion

Front 5

Physical breakdown of large particles
 chewing

Back 5

Mastication

Front 6

Physical breakdown of large particles
stomach churning

Back 6

Maceration

Front 7

Physical breakdown of large particles
intestinal churning

Back 7

Segmentation

Front 8

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
 Swallowing

Back 8

Deglutition

Front 9

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
 Propulsion of tube contents through
coordinated contractions of circular and
longitudinal muscular layers

Back 9

 Peristalsis

Front 10

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
 Chemical and enzymatic breakdown of large
molecules

Back 10

Digestion/Chemical digestion

Front 11

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
Production of acids, enzymes, and buffers

Back 11

Secretion

Front 12

Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description
 Movement of nutrients across the digestive
epithelium

Back 12

Absorption

Front 13

The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
 Inner, mucous membrane often with folds to
increase surface area

Back 13

Mucosa

Front 14

The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Connective tissue layer enclosing glands,
nerves, and vessels

Back 14

Submucosa

Front 15

The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
 Smooth muscle, generally two layers

Back 15

Muscularis (externa)

Front 16

The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Outer, serous, in the peritoneal cavity

Back 16

Serosa

Front 17

The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Outer, collagenous, outside the peritoneal
cavity

Back 17

Adventitia

Front 18

What do we call thick rings of the circular
layer of smooth muscle in these tubes that
act as valves to control the movement of
materials through the digestive tract?

Back 18

 Sphincters

Front 19

What is the generic term for the double
sheets of parietal peritoneum that encase
areolar connective tissue, along with vessels
and nerves, which stabilize the digestive
tract?

Back 19

 Mesentaries

Front 20

Match the specific mesenteries to their
location
 Between the liver and lesser curvature of the
stomach

Back 20

Lesser omentum

Front 21

Match the specific mesenteries to their
location
Between the greater curvature of the stomach
and transverse colon, extending as an apron
over the small intestines

Back 21

Greater omentum

Front 22

Match the specific mesenteries to their
location
 Attaching the loops of the small intestine to the
body wall

Back 22

Mesentary proper

Front 23

Match the specific mesenteries to their
location
Attaching the large intestine to the body wall

Back 23

Mesocolon

Front 24

Oral cavity components
 Lips

Back 24

Labia

Front 25

Oral cavity components
 Gums

Back 25

Gingivae

Front 26

Oral cavity components
 Mucous membrane fold connecting tongue to
floor of mouth

Back 26

Lingual frenulum

Front 27

Oral cavity components
Medial, dangling portion of the soft palate

Back 27

Uvula

Front 28

What is its function?Uvula

Back 28

Prevent food from entering pharynx
prematurely

Front 29

Oral cavity components
Entrance to the oropharynx

Back 29

Fauces

Front 30

There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
 Inferior to the zygomatic arch, partially
overlaying the masseter

Back 30

 Parotid

Front 31

There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
Floor of the mouth, just below tongue?

Back 31

Sublingual

Front 32

There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
Floor of the mouth, medial and inferior to the
mandible

Back 32

Submandibular

Front 33

Teeth have three layers of tissue
 Outer, hardest biological substance

Back 33

Enamel

Front 34

Teeth have three layers of tissue
Bulk of tooth, mineralized matrix similar to
bone

Back 34

Dentin

Front 35

Teeth have three layers of tissue
 Inner, spongy and vascular, contains vessels
and nerves

Back 35

Pulp cavity

Front 36

What do we call the bony socket in which
we find a tooth?

Back 36

 Alveolus

Front 37

What do we call the portion of a tooth
within the bony socket?

Back 37

 Root

Front 38

What do we call the visible portion of the
tooth, covered in enamel?

Back 38

 Crown

Front 39

There are four types of teeth in adults
 Blade/chisel-shaped in the front of the mouth,
single root

Back 39

 Incisors

Front 40

There are four types of teeth in adults
Conical, sharp, single root

Back 40

Canines

Front 41

There are four types of teeth in adults
 Flattened crown with ridges, one or two roots

Back 41

Bicuspids

Front 42

There are four types of teeth in adults
Large, flattened crowns with 3+ roots

Back 42

Molars

Front 43

How many teeth are found in an adult with
wisdom teeth?

Back 43

 32

Front 44

How many teeth are found in the deciduous
or baby set of teeth?

Back 44

 20

Front 45

Special names for tooth surfaces
 Opposing tooth surface that faces the midline

Back 45

Mesial

Front 46

Special names for tooth surfaces
Opposing tooth surface that faces the away
from the midline

Back 46

 Distal

Front 47

Special names for tooth surfaces
 Inner surface of tooth in upper row

Back 47

 Palatal

Front 48

Special names for tooth surfaces
Inner surface of tooth in lower row

Back 48

Lingual

Front 49

Special names for tooth surfaces
 Outer surface of tooth by cheeks

Back 49

Buccal

Front 50

Special names for tooth surfaces
Outer surface of tooth by lips

Back 50

Labial

Front 51

Special names for tooth surfaces
 Surface where upper and lower teeth contact

Back 51

Occlusal

Front 52

How do we number the teeth?

Back 52

 #1 is the back, upper right molar
 #32 is the back, lower right molar

Front 53

What is the name of the common
passageway for food and air?

Back 53

 Pharynx

Front 54

What is the name of the muscular tube
transports food from the pharynx to the
stomach?

Back 54

 Esophagus

Front 55

What is the name of the opening in the
diaphragm through which this tube passes?

Back 55

Esophageal hiatus

Front 56

What do we call the lower sphincter of the
esophagus that is associated with heart
burn?

Back 56

 Cardiac sphincter

Front 57

What J-shaped expansion of the digestive
tract has an extra layer of smooth muscle
(oblique) to assist in mechanical churning of
food and glands that produce acid and a
proteolytic enzyme?

Back 57

 Stomach

Front 58

What ring of muscle regulates the flow of
material from the stomach to the small
intestine?

Back 58

 Pyloric sphincter

Front 59

What do we call the soupy, acidic mixture
of partially digested food that leaves the
stomach?

Back 59

 Chyme

Front 60

What part of the digestive tract plays the
primary role in digestion and absorption of
nutrients?

Back 60

 Small intestine

Front 61

Structures that increase surface area
 Large, transverse folds, most apparent in
jejunum

Back 61

Plicae circulares

Front 62

Structures that increase surface area
Finger-like projections of inner mucous
membrane with vessels

Back 62

 Villi

Front 63

Structures that increase surface area
Extensions of the plasma membrane on the
epithelium

Back 63

Microvilli

Front 64

What do we call the lymphatic capillary
within each finger-like projection of the
intestinal wall that picks up lipids from the
digestive tract?

Back 64

Lacteal

Front 65

3 regions of the small intestine
 First, short, c-shaped (contains head of
pancreas)

Back 65

Duodenum

Front 66

3 regions of the small intestine
Second, longer, site of most absorption/most
folds

Back 66

 Jejunum

Front 67

3 regions of the small intestine
 Last, longest, fewer folds more lymphatic
tissue

Back 67

 Ileum

Front 68

What part of the digestive tract serves to
reabsorb water, absorb vitamins, and store
feces prior to defecation (it also has
abundant goblet cells)?

Back 68

 Large intestine

Front 69

What valve regulates the passage of
materials from the small intestine into the
large intestine?

Back 69

 Ileocecal valve

Front 70

What do we call the pouches of the large intestine
that allow it to elongate?

Back 70

 Haustra

Front 71

What do we call the 3 bands of longitudinal
smooth muscle that help form these pouches? Haustra

Back 71

 Taeniae coli

Front 72

What do we call the globs of fat that attach to
these smooth muscle bands?Taeniae coli

Back 72

 Omental appendices

Front 73

What expanded pouch forms the beginning
of the large intestine?

Back 73

 Cecum

Front 74

What slender, hollow organ dominated by
lymphatic nodules comes off of this pouch?

Back 74

 Appendix

Front 75

Portions of the colon
 Travels superiorly on the right side of the
abdomen

Back 75

Ascending colon

Front 76

Portions of the colon
 Curve to the left

Back 76

 Right colic (hepatic) flexure

Front 77

Portions of the colon
 Travels to the left across abdomen

Back 77

Transverse colon

Front 78

Portions of the colon
 Curve inferiorly

Back 78

 Left colic (splenic) flexure

Front 79

Portions of the colon
 Travels inferiorly on the left side of the
abdomen

Back 79

Descending colon

Front 80

Portions of the colon
S-shaped, from iliac fossa to midline of lower
abdomen

Back 80

Sigmoid colon

Front 81

What final, expanded section of the large
intestine triggers the defecation reflex when
its walls are stretched by feces?

Back 81

 Rectum

Front 82

What do we call the orifice at the end of the
large intestine?

Back 82

 Anus

Front 83

This orifice is controlled by two sphincters
 Involuntary, smooth muscle

Back 83

 Internal anal sphincter

Front 84

This orifice is controlled by two sphincters
 Voluntary, skeletal muscle

Back 84

External anal sphincter

Front 85

What organ, the largest visceral organ in the
body, is located in the upper right quadrant
of the abdomen?

Back 85

 Liver

Front 86

List the 3 general categories of liver
function

Back 86

 Metabolic regulation
 Hematological regulation
 Synthesis and secretion of bile

Front 87

Four lobes of the liver

Back 87

 Left and Right
 Caudate - Inferior vena cava
 Quadrate - Gallbladder

Front 88

What piece of mesentery divides the left
and right lobes anteriorly?

Back 88

Falciform ligament

Front 89

What thickened inferior portion of this
mesentery is the remains of the umbilical
vein?

Back 89

 Ligamentum Teres (round ligament of the
liver)

Front 90

What pear-shaped organ on the inferior
aspect of the liver is a muscular sac for bile
storage?

Back 90

 Gallbladder

Front 91

What glandular organ, lying deep to the
stomach, extends from the c-shaped section
of the small intestine to the spleen?

Back 91

 Pancreas

Front 92

Biliary apparatus
 Collect bile from the liver’s lobes

Back 92

L&R hepatic ducts

Front 93

Biliary apparatus
 Unites ducts from each lobe into a single duct

Back 93

Common hepatic duct

Front 94

Biliary apparatus
 Carries bile to or from the gallbladder

Back 94

 Cystic duct

Front 95

Biliary apparatus
Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to
intestines

Back 95

Common bile duct

Front 96

Biliary apparatus
 Enlargement and valve where bile joins
secretions from pancreas

Back 96

Hepatopancreatic ampulla/sphincter

Front 97

Biliary apparatus
Raised projection/opening into small intestine
(duodenum)

Back 97

(major) Duodenal papilla