Chapter 2 (The Evolutions Of World Politics)

Front 1

world is more than just a sum of its parts

Back 1

What does the concept of an international system assume?

Front 2

sovereignty

Back 2

A state possesses this if it does not recognize a higher authority

Front 3

1648

Back 3

When was the Treaty of Westphalia signed?

Front 4

sovereign political power rests with the people.

Back 4

Democracy is founded on what notion?

Front 5

B. preservation of China's sovereignty

Back 5

Industrialization contributed to all of the following except:
A. increased European strength
B. preservation of China's sovereignty
C. Eurowhite domination
D. promotion of colonialism

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World War II

Back 6

A bipolar system was created in the wake of what?

Front 7

the rise of china

Back 7

The Nixon policy of detente was partly in response to what?

Front 8

they have pushed for a more multipolar world

Back 8

Describe the reaction of states like France, Russia, and India to American dominance.

Front 9

simultaneous falling apart and coming together of the international community.

Back 9

Benjamin Barber's Jihad vs. McWorld describes what trends?

Front 10

D. All of the above

Back 10

Tribalism has affected/is affecting which of the following countries?
A. The Soviet Union
B. Yugoslavia
C. Sudan
D. All of the Above

Front 11

increased, but still have limited utility.

Back 11

Describe the number of UN peacekeeping missions in regards to frequency.

Front 12

an upsurge of opposition occasionally producing violent protests

Back 12

Describe the reaction to further economic interdependence give the problems of economic interdependence for workers.

Front 13

What are NICs?

Back 13

countries in the South that have achieved substantial industrialization and increases in the standard of living.

Front 14

relatively low

Back 14

When a country is characterized by low per capita GNP what is the life expectancy like?

Front 15

What is sustainable development?

Back 15

balancing the need to develop economically while simultaneously protecting the environment

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50% less than EDCs

Back 16

LDCs account for 85% of the world's population but how much CO2 do they emit, compared to EDCs?

Front 17

territory?

Back 17

What did the rise of Greek city-states center their political identity and political organization around?

Front 18

Aristotle

Back 18

What philosopher first developed the idea of sovereignty in his epic work Politics?

Front 19

Treaty of Westphalia

Back 19

The birth of modern international system dominated by states dates back to what?

Front 20

What is popular sovereignty?

Back 20

ultimate political authority lies with the people?

Front 21

False

Back 21

True or False: the international system evolved rapidly for several centuries, then shifted relatively slowly during this century.

Front 22

False

Back 22

True or False: integration of the international system began as a result of the fall of the Holy Roman Empire

Front 23

False

Back 23

True or False: The founding of the modern state system can be traced to the Treaty of Versailles

Front 24

True

Back 24

True or False: Economic expansion of industrialized countries promoted colonialism.

Front 25

True

Back 25

True or False: European imperialism was particularly hard felt in Africa

Front 26

True

Back 26

True or False: In a multipolar world, states form alliances to prevent one state from becoming dominant

Front 27

False

Back 27

True or False: Non-Western states have little influence in international organizations

Front 28

True

Back 28

True or False: Some scholars claim that immediately following the international system was unipolar with the U.S. having attained a position of hegemony

Front 29

False

Back 29

True or False: Limited unipolar system is characterized by one state that dominates the system without restraints.

Front 30

True

Back 30

True or False: Although hegemonic powers are unmatched in the international system, they do not always get their way.

Front 31

False

Back 31

True or False: Military security in today' world is primarily provided by international organizations such as the U.N.

Front 32

False

Back 32

True or False: The need for the U.N. peacekeeping forces has declined in recent years

Front 33

False

Back 33

True or False: No country in the south has achieved substantial industrialization

Front 34

False

Back 34

True or False: The per capita gross national product is about twice as large in the North as it is in the South

Front 35

True

Back 35

True or False: Human rights conferences are now considered an important part of international relations.

Front 36

What is sovereignty?

Back 36

- most essential characteristics of an international state
- term strongly implies political independence from any higher authority and also suggest at least theoretical quality

Front 37

What is nationalism?

Back 37

belief that the nation is the ultimate basis of political loyalty and that nations should have self-governing states

Front 38

What is democracy?

Back 38

system of government that a minimum extends to citizens a range of political rights and a range of civil liberties that are important to a free government.

Front 39

What is the Holy Roman Empire?

Back 39

domination and unification of a political territory in Western and Central Europe that lasted from its inception with Charlemagne in 800 to the renunciation of the imperial title by Francis II in 1806

Front 40

What is industrial revolution?

Back 40

development of mechanic and industrial production of goods that began in the mid-1700s and then spread through Europe and North America

Front 41

What is renaissance?

Back 41

period of cultural and intellectual rebirth and reform following the dark ages from approximately 1350-1650

Front 42

What is protestant reformation?

Back 42

religious movement initiated by Martin Luther in Germany in 1517 that rejected the Catholic Church as the necessary intermediary between people and god.

Front 43

What is Treaty of Westphalia?

Back 43

- treaty that ended the 30 year war
- signals the birth of the modern state system and the end of the theoretical subordination of the monarchies of Europe Protestanism, to the Roman Catholic Church, and Holy Roman Empire

Front 44

What is the anarchical political system?

Back 44

system which there is no central authority to make or enforce rules, or to resolve disputes about the actors in the political system

Front 45

What is popular sovereignty?

Back 45

- political doctrine that holds that sovereign political authority resides with the citizens of a state
- citenzenry grant a certain amount of authority to the state, its government, and especially, its specific political leaders but don't surrender ultimate sovereignty

Front 46

# of factors, including scientific and technological advances, contributed to the domination of the West over the international system that was essentially created by Treaty of Westphalia.

Back 46

Describe the Westernization of the International System

Front 47

What is multipolar system?

Back 47

world political system in which power is primarily held by 4 or more international actors

Front 48

What are power poles?

Back 48

- actor in an international system that has enough military, economic, and/or diplomatic strength to often have an important role in determining the rules and operation of a system
- generally a single country or an alliance of countries.

Front 49

What is the balance of power?

Back 49

concept that describes the degree of equilibrium or disequilibrium of power in the global or regional system

Front 50

What is the balance-of-power politics?

Back 50

notion that countries seek to conserve and amass power, that some countries seek to become powerful enough to dominate their region or even the international system, and the other countries will seek to counter a hegemonic drive by further increasing their own power or cooperating with other powers in preventing any country or bloc from achieving dominance.

Front 51

What is superpower?

Back 51

describe the leader of a system pole in a bipolar system.

Front 52

What is the Cold War?

Back 52

- confrontation that emerged following WW2 between the bipolar superpowers; the Soviet Union, and the U.S.
- no conflict took place between these countries
- era of great tension and global division.

Front 53

What is bipolar system?

Back 53

type of international system that roughly equal actors or coalitions of actors that divide the international system into 2 poles

Front 54

What is the East-West axis?

Back 54

- idealogical division between hemispheres following WW2
- East associated with communism
- West associated with democracy

Front 55

What is containment doctrine?

Back 55

U.S. policy that sought to contain communism during the Cold War

Front 56

What is North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

Back 56

- alliance of 26 member-countries in 1999 by; Canada, U.S., and most Western Europe countries to defend is members from outside, presumably Soviet-led attack
- in era after Cold War, NATO has begun to admit members from Eastern Europe and has also expanded its mission to include peacekeeping

Front 57

What is Third World?

Back 57

countries that are economically less developed

Front 58

What is detente?

Back 58

cold war involving the U.S., Soviet Union, and China that sought to open relations among the countries and ease tensions

Front 59

What is realpolitik?

Back 59

operating according to the belief that politics is based on the pursuit, possession, and applications of power

Front 60

What is hegemonic power?

Back 60

- single country or alliance that is so dominant in the international system that it plays the key role in determining the rules and norms by which the system operates
- dominant power in the system, it has central position in both making and enforcing the norms and modes of behavior

Front 61

- military power is better at deterring attacks than it is at competing with them
- military powers better at dealing with other established military forces, than it is dealing with insurgencies and terrorism
- being hegemonic doesn't mean all other countries are powerless

Back 61

What are the numerous factors that restrain the U.S.?

Front 62

What is limited unipolar system?

Back 62

configuration of the international system in which there is 1 power center that plays something less than a fully dominant role because of range of external or internal restraints on its power

Front 63

What is globalization?

Back 63

multifaceted concept that represents the increasing integration of economics, communications, and culture across national boundaries

Front 64

What is McWorld?

Back 64

- merging of states into an integrated world
- describe how states are becoming more globalized, especially with the growth of economic interdependence
- term coined by Benjamin Barber

Front 65

What is economic interdependence?

Back 65

- intertwining of national economies in the global economy
- means countries are increasingly less self-sufficient

Front 66

What is tribalism?

Back 66

internal pressure on countries that can lead to their fragmentation and even their collapse

Front 67

What are ethonational groups?

Back 67

ethnic group in which a significant percentage of its members favor national self-determination and the establishment of a nation-state dominated by a group

Front 68

What are weapons of mass destruction?

Back 68

weapons with the capability to destroy a planet or entire population

Front 69

What is asymmetrical welfare?

Back 69

strategy by which a national military or other armed force including a terrorist organization, that is relatively small and lightly equipped attacks a militarily stronger opponent by using unconventional means
EX: nuclear weapons, biological or chemical agents

Front 70

What is economic interdependence?

Back 70

close interrelationship and mutual dependence of 2 or more domestic economies on each other

Front 71

What are economically developed countries?

Back 71

industrialized countries mainly found in the Northern Hemisphere

Front 72

What are less developed countries?

Back 72

- countries located mainly in the South
- economies that rely heavily on the the production of agriculture and raw materials and whose per capital GDP and standard of living are substantially below Western standards.

Front 73

What are newly industrialized countries?

Back 73

- less developed countries whose economies and whose trade now include significant amounts of manufactured goods
- have per capita GDP significantly higher than the average per capita GDP for less developed countries

Front 74

What is gross national product?

Back 74

measure of the sum of all goods and services produced by a country's nationals, whether they are in the country abroad

Front 75

What is purchasing power parity?

Back 75

- measure of the relative purchasing power of different countries
- measured by the price of the same goods in different countries, translated by the exchange rate of that country's currency against a base currency, usually the U.S. dollar

Front 76

What is sustainable development?

Back 76

ability to continue to improve the quality of life of those in industrialized countries and particularly, those in less developed countries while simultaneously protecting Earth's biosphere

Front 77

- continuing to develop economically
- simultaneously protecting the environment.

Back 77

What are the requirements for sustainable development?