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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of states?
A. sovereignty B. territory C. universal suffrage D. diplomatic recognition |
C. universal suffrage
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A state has sovereignty when it
A. has a territory B. has an internal organization C. does not recognize as legitimate any higher authority D. has independence |
C. does not recognize as legitimate any higher authority
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For States, independence means
A. sovereignty B. popular sovereignty C. freedom from outside control D. freedom from legal constraints |
C. Freedom from outside control
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According to some, which state does not have physical boundaries?
A. Albania B. Bosnia-Herzegovina C. Palestine D. the Holy See |
C. Palestine
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Which statement is most accurate regarding a political entity that declares its independence?
A. It becomes a state B. It becomes a state only if it is recognized by at least one other state C. It becomes a state if recognized by the United Nations D. The standard for external recognition |
D. The standard for external recognition is unclear
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When a state's population grants it the authority to make rules and to govern the state has
A. sovereignty B. legitimacy C. nationhood D. popularity |
B. legitimacy
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Theocracy, monarchism, communism, and fascism are all examples of
A. democratic governance B. corporatist governance C. authoritarian governance D. federal governance |
C. authoritarian government
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Which country maintains a monarchial form of government?
A. Great Britain B. Lebanon C. the Netherlands D. Saudi Arabia |
D. Saudi Arabia
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In 2002, what county had a fascist presidential candidate finish second in the national election?
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France
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The practice of democracy can be traced to when?
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500 b.c.
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Substantive democracy is based on what?
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equality
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Large majorities of people around the world claim to favor democracy but
A. they often do not know what democracy means B. they are unwillingly to work for democracy in their own country C. they continue to believe democracy could never work in their country D. support for democracy erodes when people are asked about democracy vs. economic growth |
D. support for democracy erodes when people are asked about democracy vs. economic growth
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Immanuel Kant argued that the spread of democracy would change the world by
A. eliminating war B. eliminating theocracies C. creating states of equal sovereignty D. creating worldwide economic prosperity |
A. eliminating war
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The system of apartheid in South Africa ended in part due to
A. a long civil war B. violent revolution C. international condemnation of the practice D a legal decision in South Africa's highest court |
C. international condemnation of the practice
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Since the 1648 signing of the Treaty of Westphalia the ability of states to protect their citizens has been
A. decreasing B. increasing C. not changing D. not important |
B. Increasing
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Some critics oppose the use of national interest as a guide for foreign policy because
A. they believe national interests are too objective B. there is too much individualism in national interests C. national interests increase the chance for peace and equity D. they believe national interests are too subjective |
D. they believe national interests are too subjective
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All of the following are used to defend that the state may not be in decline except
A. nationalism is a resilient force B. the demand for new services C. sovereignty is a relative term D. the rise of transnational movements |
B. the demand for new services
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Most political scientists believe that
A. the importance of states is declining and predict their demise in the foreseeable future B. the importance of states is declining but do not predict their demise in the foreseeable future C. states are not declining in importance but do predict their demise in the foreseeable future D. states are not declining in importance and will not meet their demise in the future |
B. the importance of states is declining but do not predict their demise in the foreseeable future.
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True or False: San Marino is a member of the United Nations
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True
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True or False: In the real world, sovereignty and independence are synonymous
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False
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True or False: Sometimes a small country, through sovereign, is so dominated by a powerful neighbor that is independence is questionable.
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True
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True or False: A state may not always have a government
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False
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True or False: The idea that a government is only legitimate until it no longer fulfills the purpose it was originally designed for is known as the social contract
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False
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True or False: The Japanese Emperor is a theocratic leader
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False
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True or False: Monarchism is completely extinct as a form of authoritarian rule
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False
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True or False: Although communism has peeked there are still several communist governments in existence
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True
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True or False: The term "fascist" is often, but incorrectly, used to describe anyone to the far right of the political spectrum.
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True
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True or False: The boom spread of democracies accelerated during the last few decade.
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True
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True or False: A democracy that is judged on the level of social justice is being measured as a procedural democracy
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False
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True or False: The move from an authoritarian government to a democracy always produces positive results
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False
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True or False: States are increasingly able to control health threats due to advanced technology
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False
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True or False: National interests are clear cut but are never a useful basis for foreign policy
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False
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True or False: States are often perpetrators of violence on their own citizens whom they are supposed to protect
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True
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How a country applies its national capabilities to achieve its foreign policy goals is known as
A. plan of attack B. military doctrine C. policy making D. statecraft |
D. Statecraft
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The sum of assets that enable a state to achieve its goals, even when they clash with the goals and will of other international actors, is the definition of a country's
A. power B. capability C. nationalism D. national interest |
A. power
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Which of the following would realist generally oppose?
A. using power to advance national interests B. being cautious about using power on unimportant goals C. developing more power capabilities than are needed D. Realists would support all these |
A. using power to advance national interests
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According to the poll described in the text, international opinion about the US plummeted after the US invaded Iraq. The decline in US prestige has
A. undercut US "soft power" B. undercut US "hard power" C. strengthened US "soft power" D. made the US the anti-hegemonic power |
A. undercut US "soft power"
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To say that Germany is more powerful than Botswana but less powerful than the US reflects the fact that power is
A. relative B. dynamic C. situational D. multidimensional |
A. relative
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A countries potential for exercising international power is known as
A. Reserve power B. Overall power C. Power capacity D. Power well |
C. power capacity
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Which of the following is not a reason why power is so fluid?
A. globalization B. shifting alliances due to balance-of-power politics C. power cycles D. the sources of power can change |
A. globalization
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Which of the following countries has historically benefited from is sheer size?
A. Great Britain B. Russia C. Germany D. Spain |
B. Russia
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The united States lags behind most other industrialized countries in terms of academic excellence for all of the following reasons except
A. the United States lacks adequate funding for education B. US students spend less time on core courses than do students in Japan, France, and Germany C. US students have significantly more discipline problems than do students from some other countries D. the traditional US approach to education fails to adequately prepare students to meet the requirements of the modern world |
A. the US lacks adequate funding for education
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Which of the following states routinely leads in the amount it invests in research and development?
A. the US B. China C. Japan D. Mexico |
A. the US
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All of the following are dangers associated with overemphasizing miliatry power except
A. military power is unpredictable B. increasing military power can create spirals of insecurity C. military power creates a temptation to use that power D. military power is expensive |
A. military power is unpredictable
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The argument that high levels of military spending threatens to sap a country's long term power is known as the
A. guns and butter thesis B. power cycles thesis C. social overstretch thesis D. imperial overstretch thesis |
D. imperial overstretch thesis
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Which of the following is the main point of contention between the US and North Korea?
A. trade disputes B. restricted airspace C. working conditions of sweat shops D. nuclear weapons |
D. nuclear weapons
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Which of the following is not a condition for the successful use of force?
A. Use force when it is supported by leaders B. Use force when it is supported by the public C. Use force to control politics D. Use force early and decisively |
C. Use force to control politics
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of leader-to-leader diplomacy?
A. Leaders who meet often develop mutual respect for one another B. Leader-to-leader meetings often lead to dramatic breakthroughs in understanding C. Leader-to-leader commitments are often irrevocable D. Leader-to-leader meetings may demonstrate a symbolic shift in relations |
C. Leader-to-leader commitments are often irrevocable
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The US attempt to win Security Council approval for an invasion of Iraq was an example of
A. parliamentary diplomacy B. leader-to-leader diplomacy C. multilateral diplomacy D. bilateral diplomacy |
A. parliamentary diplomacy
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How did President Bush communicate determination to fight global terrorism in the aftermath of September 11th?
A. President Bush used negotiation to force Taliban officials to turn over key terrorist suspects B. President Bush signaled his intentions by invading Afghanistan C. President Bush used propaganda to force Taliban officials to turn over key terrorist suspects D. President Bush used leader-to-leader diplomacy to negotiate peace |
B. President Bush signaled his intentions by invading Afghanistan
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In order for coercive diplomacy to be effective, a country must possess all of the following except
A. a nuclear arsenal B. will C. power D. credibility |
A. a nuclear arsenal
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Minimizing a dispute may
A. Involve appealing to world peace to increase credibility B. make it hard to back away from confrontation C. help avoid overreactions D. involve appealing to national survival to increase credibility |
C. help avoid overreactions
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True or False: Power is determined only on the basis of a country's military capabilities.
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False
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True or False: Russia's size has benefited the country during invasions.
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True
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True or False: The U.S. educational system is a primary element for their overwhelming superiority in power.
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False
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True or False: Statecraft is the application of a country's power to further its national interests
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True
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True or False: Military force is most successful when it is used to control political events
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False
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True or False: Multilateral diplomacy has increasingly been replaced by bilateral diplomacy in recent years
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False
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True or False: An effective diplomat will try to understand the other side's point of view
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True
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True or False: Diplomacy focused on passing resolutions is known as legislative diplomacy.
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False
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True or False: High-level diplomacy is always the wisest course of action in international political crises
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False
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True or False: Domestic politics have no impact on the negotiation of international agreements.
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False
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True or False: Diplomats should always be very precise when communicating with other countries
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False
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True or False: Maximizing a dispute can sometimes provide advantages for diplomats by increasing their credibility.
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True
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notion that purpose of political units and their government is to benefit the people who established them and that the continued legitimate existence of these organizations rests on how well they perform these tasks.
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What is instrumental theory of government?
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theoretical time in human history when people lived independently or in family groups and there were no societies of non-related individuals or government
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What is the state of nature?
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- implicit understanding agreed to by those who merged into society and created a government
- details the proper function of and prohibitions on government. |
What is social contract?
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type of restrictive government system where people are under the rule of an individual
EX: dictator |
What is authoritarianism?
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political system that is organized, governed, and defined by spiritual leaders and their beliefs.
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What is theocracy?
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political system that is organized, governed, and defined by the idea of the divine right of kings, or the notion that because a person is born into royalty, he or she is meant to rule.
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What is monarchism?
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- ideology that originated in the works of Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx
- economic theory - idea that an oppressed proliteraiat class of workers would eventually organize and revolt against those who owned the means of production, the bourgeoisie - political system of government applied in China, and elsewhere, wherein the state owns the means of production as a system to expedite Engels and Marx's economic theory |
What is communism?
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ideology that advocates extreme nationalism with a heightened sense of national belonging or ethnic identity
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What is fascism?
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- reject rationality and rely on emotion
- believing in the superiority of groups and the inferiority of others - subjugating countries of inferior people - rejecting individuals rights in favor of a corporatist view that people are workers in the state - demanding that economic activity support the corporatist state - viewing the state as a living thing - view that highest expression of the people is in the volk |
What are the tenets of fascism espoused by Mussolini and Hitler?
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system of government that at a minimum extends to citizens a range of political rights and a range of civil liberties that are important to free government
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What is democracy?
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assertion that as more countries become democratic, the likelihood that they will enter into conflict with one another decrease
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What is democratic peace theory?
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- totality of a countries international capabilities
- based on multiple resources, which alone or in concert allow one country to have its interests prevail in the international system - especially important in enabling 1 state to achieve its goals when it clashes with the goals and wills of other international actors |
What is power?
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international goals of a country and how it uses its national capabilities to achieve those goals
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What is foreign policy?
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use of military, economic, diplomatic, and informational policy instruments to achieve the foreign policy goals of countries
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What is statecraft?
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assets that can negatively be used as a threat sanction or positively as an inducement by one country to shape the behavior of another country
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What is hard power?
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traits of a country that attract other countries to emulate it or otherwise follow its lead through the power of example
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What is soft power?
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element of power, such as nuclear weapons, that indisputably exists and can potentially be used irrespective of other considerations
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What is absolute power?
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power measured in the comparison with the power of other international actors
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What is relative power?
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contest in which gain by 1 player can only be achieved by equal losses for other players
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What is zero-sum game?
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sum of a country's power assets that determine its potential for exercising international power
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What is power capacity?
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willingness of a country to use its power capacity to influence global events
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What is will to power?
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- economic measures imposed by a country or IGO on 1 or more countries to change their behavior
- these include such tools as refusing to purchase another country's products, refusal to sell it something it needs, freezing its accounts in your country, or imposing punitive tariffs and quotas on its products |
What are economic sanctions?
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negotiations between 2 countries
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What is bilateral diplomacy?
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negotiations among 3 or more countries
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What is multilateral diplomacy?
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taking important international actions especially those using military force, within the framework of a multilateral organization such as the UN
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What is multilateralism?
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occurs when a single country, perhaps leading a small coalition of other countries, takes and important international action, such as using force without the approval of an IGO
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What is unilateralism?
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current trend in diplomacy where diplomat are drawn from a wider segment of society, making them more representative of their nations
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What is democraticized diplomacy?
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concept that in order to arrive at satisfactory agreements, a country's diplomats actually have to deal with the outer country's negotiators and legislators, interest groups, and other domestic forces at home.
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What is two-level game theory?
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debate and voting in international organizations to settle domestic issues
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What is parliamentary diplomacy?
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- communicating to 1 or more countries your goals
- persuade other actors to support or comply with your objectives |
What does diplomacy communications involve?
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use of threats or force as a diplomatic tactic
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What is coercive diplomacy?
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process of creating an overall international image that enhances your ability to achieve diplomatic success
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What is public diplomacy?
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loosely applied to mean the interests of a country or its government as defined subjectively by those in power in the country, but which more accurately means the interests of the country's nations, its people.
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What is national interest?
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relatively small group of people with similar backgrounds, values, and policy preferences who occupy most of the leadership positions in government, business, media, social, and other societal institutions and more back and forth among leadership positions in those institutions
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What is power elite?
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difference of opinion between leaders and public, which may have an impact on foreign policy in a democratic country
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What is leader-citizen opinion gap?
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