Chapter 14 Brain And Cranial Nerves.

Front 1

Meninges

Back 1

Layers that surround the brain and spinal cord, provide protection.

Front 2

Name 3 layers of meninges

Back 2

Dura, arachnoid and pia

Front 3

Epidural space

Back 3

A fatty layer only found in spinal cord.

Front 4

Subarachnoid space

Back 4

A sub layer of arachnoid space, CSF circulates here.

Front 5

Dura mater have 3 extensions, name them and their purpose.

Back 5

Flax cerebri, separate cerebral hemispheres.

Flax cerebrelli, separate hemispheres or cerebrum.

Tentorium cerebelli, separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

Front 6

BBB

Back 6

Blood brain barrier, function protection. Tight junctions that seal blood capillaries, Epithelial cells and the thick basement membrane that surrounds them.

Hint 6

Proteins and antibiotics can't pass, oxygen, carbon dioxide, alcohol and anesthetic can.

Front 7

CSF

Back 7

Cerebral spinal fluid, composed mostly of water, protects the brain and spinal cord. Carries Glucose and o2, continuously flows and reabsorbes.

Hint 7

Circulates around the ventricles and subarachnoid space.

Front 8

Name ventricles

Back 8

Lateral ventricals there are 2, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle.

Front 9

Flow of CSF

Back 9

Lateral ventricle through septum pellucidium to 3rd ventricle, down cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle. Central canal of spinal cord, and throughout Subarachnoid spaces.

Front 10

Name 4 functions of CSF

Back 10

1. Shock absorber

2. Buffer

3. Hormone transport

4. Minor exchange of nutrients and waste.

Hint 10

Mechanical protection, homeostatic functions, circulation.

Front 11

CSF is produced by

Back 11

Choroid plexus, continually produce CSF.

Front 12

Barrier that protects brain from infections.

Back 12

Blood Cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Tight junctions that do not allow bacteria, virus or fungus from blood to cross into CSF.

Front 13

Hydrocephalus

Back 13

A block or build up of CSF, can cause retardation And death. Young children compensate by bulging fontanelle and foreheads.

Front 14

Medulla oblongata

Back 14

Continuous with spinal cord, cardiovascular center, regulates heart rate and vessel diameter, also controls reflexes like coughing, swallowing, sneezing, vomiting and yawning.

Front 15

Pons

Back 15

Superior to medulla anterior to cerebellum. Acts as a bridge connecting parts of the brain. Plays a role in coordination of voluntary skeletal muscle movements. Pontine respiratory group, control breathing with medullary respiratory group.

Front 16

Midbrain

Back 16

Extends from Pons to diencephalon. Aqueduct of midbrain passes through. Contacts 3rd ventricle with 4th ventricle. Midbrain has both nuclei and tracts.

Front 17

Cerebral peduncles

Back 17

Conduct nerve impulses from motor areas of cerebral cortex to the pons,medulla and spinal cord. Within midbrain

Front 18

Super colliculi and inferior colliculi.

Back 18

Superior, reflex centers for visual activities, generates movements of head,eyes, and trunk.

Inferior, part of auditory pathways, relays impulses from hearing receptors in the inner ear of brain. Within midbrain.

Front 19

Reticular formation

Back 19

Regions of gray and white matter with net like patterns. From spinal cord through the brain stem and into the diencephalon. Has both ascending sensory and descending motor funtions.

Front 20

RAS reticular activating system.

Back 20

Consciousness, mental activities and attention. When damaged causes coma.

Front 21

Cerebellum primary funtion

Back 21

Evaluates movement's initiated by motor area of cerebrum, uses feedback systems, regulates posture and balance.

Front 22

Name 4parts of the diencephalon.

Back 22

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalmus

Pituitary gland

Front 23

Thalamus

Back 23

Biggest portion of diencephalon, acts as a major relay center for sensory impulse, except smell.

Front 24

Hypothalamus

Back 24

Smallest portion, major regulator of homeostasis. Vision,taste and smell. Monitors osmotic pressure, glucose, hormone concentrations and blood temperature. Connects to Pituitary gland.

Front 25

Important functions of the hypothalamus?

Back 25

1.Control of ANS, parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.

2.Regulates smooth and cardiac muscle contractions.

3.Produces hormones inhibits or stimulates Pituitary gland.

4.regulates,eating, drinking,sleeping and emotion and behavior.

5.controls body temperature and circadian rhythm.

Front 26

Epithalmus

Back 26

Contains the pineal gland that secretes melatonin. Also contains the habenular nuclei involved in olfaction, emotional response to smell.

Front 27

Cerebrum consists of?

Back 27

Outer cerebral cortex, internal white and gray matter. Allows for reading, writing and speaking.

Front 28

Cerebral cortex

Back 28

Forms the outer rim of the cerebrum and is the region of gray matter .

Front 29

Gyri

Back 29

Folds of gray matter, cerebral cortex of cerebrum.

Front 30

Fissures

Back 30

Deepest grooves of cerebral cortex.

Front 31

Sulci

Back 31

Shallow folds of gray matter of cerebral cortex, of cerebrum.

Front 32

Longitudinal fissure

Back 32

Separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres.

Front 33

2 half's of cerebrum and function.

Back 33

Left hemisphere, controls right side of body, helps with math,analytical and speech skills.

Right hemisphere, controls left side of body,helps with music,art and abstract ideas.

Front 34

Corpus callosum

Back 34

Connects the cerebrum hemispheres internally a broad band of white matter between the two hemispheres.

Front 35

Lobes of the cerebrum

Back 35

parietal lobe evaluate sensory information like touch pressure pain temperature and taste.

Frontal lobe controls voluntary motor functions evaluate future control of mood and aggression.

Temporal lobe roll in long term memory is hearing speech and smell.

Occipital lobe vision.

Front 36

Basal nuclei

Back 36

Gray matter masses within each cerebral hemisphere. Receives input from cortex and output from motor areas of cortex.

Controls subconscious skeletal muscle contractions.

Front 37

Limbic system

Back 37

emotional brain, has a primary role in pain pleasure affection and anger.

Front 38

Name two parts of the limbic system and function

Back 38

Amygdala, expression and recognition of fear

Hippocampus, responsible for memory and plasticity.