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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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spinal cord functions |
conduction- bundle of nerves to go up and down neural integration- receive info, process info to get right output locomotion- walking-repetitive reflexes- protective in pain, motor coordination |
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organization |
in development- extend full length of column vertebral column grows faster only the roots elongate 31 pairs not segmented divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral |
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how are they named? |
the level of vertebral column that the nerve emerged not where the vertebrae contain the cord |
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thick places |
cervical enlargement- upper limbs lumbar enlargement- pelvic region and lwoer limbs more neural input and output |
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when cord ends |
under the lumbar enlargement tapers to medullary cone bundle of nerve roots= CAUNA EQUINA |
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filum terminale |
extension of pia mater to the bottom
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lumbar cistern |
in adults- dura is extended down make cavity arachnoid get sample of CSF here |
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meninges |
enclose CNS with fibrous membrane |
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dura mater |
tough collagenous epidural space- bet it and bones |
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arachnoid |
simple squamous epithelium loose mesh collagenous and elastic fiber subarachnoid space- filled with CSF below medullary cone its the lumbar cistern |
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pia mater |
delicate, transparent continue beyond medullary cone as terminal flium with the lumbar cistern fuse with dura at coccygela ligament- anchors cord and meninges to Co1 denticulate ligaments- through arachnoid to dura- anchor and limit side to side |
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gray matter |
butterfly shape mainly somas, dendrites, proximal parts neural integration 2 posterior and 2 thicker anterior horns left and right connected by gray commissure motor leave through ventral/posterior root sensory in through dorsal/anterior root |
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white matter |
surrounding tissue run up and down- integration to brain aonxs |
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spina bifida |
congenital defect one or more vertebrae failed to form a complete arch common in lumbosacral sac protrudes with meninges, CSF, cord and roots help if mom east folic acid |
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spinal tracts |
ascending- sensory up the cord descending- motor signals down decussation- cross over from left to right left gets sensory info from right, brain senses and control left side of body |
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ascending tracts
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3 neurons- cuneate fasciculus 1st order- go in spinal cord to gracile fasciculus to medulla cuneate nucleus 2nd order- cuneate nucleus to medial leminscus of medulla decussate to oppo side cuneate nucleus to medial leminscus of mibrain to thalamus 3rd order- thalamus to somesthetic cortex |
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dont decussate |
ipsilateral |
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descending tracts |
corticospinal- precise movements upper- soma in cerebral cortex and axon terminates near lower lower- to muscle or organ decussate in medulla |
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spinal nerves |
somatic- skin, muscles, bones, joints visceral- blood vessel, glands |
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poliomyelitis |
destroy motor neuron in brainstem anterior horn of spinal cord |
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
degeneration of motor neurons astrocytes fail to resorb neurotransmitter glutamate- accumulate and toxic sensory is fine |
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ganglia |
cluster of neurosomas in a nerve outside the CNS unipolar neurons pass through the posterior root ganglion |
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spinal nerve pairs |
31 8 cervical- shortest 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
ALL ARE MIXED sensory by posterior motor by anterior |
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proximal branches |
each nerve has 2 points of attachment posterior root anterior root
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distal branches |
another anterior and posterior ramus meningeal branch |
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anterior rami of T1-L3 |
communicating rami connect with string of sym chain ganglia |
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nerve plexuses |
EXCEPT IN THORACIC anterior rami branch and merge cervical- neck muscles to diaphragn brachial- upper limb lumbar- abs, thigh, genitals sacral- lower trunk and lower limb coccygeal
somatosensory- signals from bones, joints- not viscera, proprioception motor- contraction, autonomic innervation |
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proproception |
nonvisual sense of position and movements of body |
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reflexes |
glands and muscles 1- need stimulation 2- quick, few interneurons or none 3- involuntary 4- stereotyped |
