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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 retinal destinations?
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The four nuclei: The suprachiasmatic nucleus, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the superior colliculus, and the pretectum.
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For what is the LGN responsible?
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Passing information about color, contrast, shape, and movement on to the visual cortices.
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For what is the superior colliculus responsible?
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Controlling the movement and orientation of the eyeball itself.
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For what is the pretectum responsible?
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Controlling the size of the pupil.
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What are the two major visual pathways?
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1) Retina to optic nerve to brainstem
2) Retina to optic nerve to lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of thalamus to primary visual cortex (area 17) to temporal and parietal cortices. |
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What is decussation?
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Some axons from optic nerves cross over to the other side of the brain: half of each retina's visual field is represented on each side of the brain.
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What do ipRGCs contain that is photosensitive? To what brain region do ipRGCs send information? What do they detect? What do they help regulate?
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Melanopsin. Suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus. Overall light intensity. Circadian rhythms.
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What does the superior colliculus do?
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Produces the eye orientation response (eye and head movements to bring image onto fovea). .
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How is the superior colliculus an example of retinotopy?
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The arrangement of cells in the colliculus is identical to that of the corresponding cells in the retina.
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How is the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) organized?
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It keeps visual information separate based on which eye it comes from.
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Where are the magnocellular layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus and from where do they receive input?
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They are the bottom two layers an they receive input from the M-type ganglion cells.
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Where are the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and from where do they receive input?
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The are top four layers of the LGN and they receive input from the P-type ganglion cells.
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Where are the koniocellular cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and from which ganglon cells do they receive input?
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They are in between layers and they receive input from the non-M/non-P ganglion cells.
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From where and to where does the feedback of the corticofugal pathway travel?
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From the primary visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
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In what brain region is the primary visual cortex?
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The occipital lobe.
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Where are the spiny stellate cells of the primary visual cortex?
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In layer IV.
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Where are the pyramidal cells of the primary visual cortex?
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In all layers, connecting to other brain regions.
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