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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kroger and lindhard |
Received Nobel prize for regulation of capillary blood flow in skeletal muscles |
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Harvard fatigue laboratory |
Received Nobel prize for exercise physiology- related research. Found skeletal muscles produced heat |
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American college of sport medicine |
Promoted exercise physiology research during the past 60 years |
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Laboratory of physical hygiene. University of Minnesota |
Keys Studied nutrition |
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Research studies |
First studies on the genetic selection for intrinsic aerobic capacity - studies of skeletal muscle adaptation |
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Discovery that skeletal muscle is an Endocrine organ |
- discovery that exercise decreases mRNA in skeletal muscles |
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Steps of scientific method |
Research questions Form hypothesis Design experiment to test hypothesis Collect and analyze data Interpret the data and formulate conclusions Communicate the results |
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Descriptive studies Involves no manipulation of experimental variables |
Non experimental research |
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Kilopond |
Force unit representing the effect of gravity on a mass of 1 kg |
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1 kpm= |
9.81J |
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Energy. SI unit |
Joule |
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Dependant variables |
Variables change in response to the independent variable |
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Basic research |
Generates new knowledge in a specific field of study |
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Basic research |
Generates new knowledge in a specific field of study |
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Applied research |
Designed to solve practical problems |
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Translational research |
The category of applied research that uses BASIC research findings to create new therapies to treat disease or enhance human health |
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Work |
Force times distance
Unit= newtons Earth exerts a force on all objects =9.82 N Expressed in joules: 1J=1N |
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Ergometry |
Measurenent of work output Ergometer-device used to measure a specific type of work |
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Continous exercise at a high relative work rate greater than------ results in a slow rise in oxygen uptake across time. Therefore a steady state cannot be maintained during such an exercise |
75% |
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Cycle ergometer |
The distance the wheel travels is determined by computing the distance covered per revolution of the pedals [ 6 m per revolution] × the number of pedal revolutions. |
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DIRECT CALORMETRY |
When the body uses energy to do work, heat is liberated . This production of heat by cells occur via both cellular respiration and cell work
Rate of heat production is directly proportional to the metabolic rate
Process that involves measuring a person's metabolic rate via the measurement of heat production
Measures the temperature change per unit of time, and the amount of heat production is computed
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Indirect calorimetry |
Does not involve the direct measurement of heat production Measures o2 consumption to find the metabolic rate |
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Open circuit spirometry |
Most common technique used to measure oxygen consumption
Measures gas volume of o2 and Co2.
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MET [ metabolic equivalent] |
Varies with age and gender 3.5 ml/kg/min Energy cost of physical activities expressed in terms of multiples of the MET unit O2 consumption/ 1 MET |
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How can oxygen consumption be used to calculate caloric expenditure |
Can be used to compute energy expenditure in kilocalories used per minute
Caloric equivalent of 1 L of o2 varies from( 4.7 kcal *l for fats) to 5.05 for carbohydrates
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Relative oxygen consumption [VO2] |
Expressing vo2 as a function of body weight, and is appropriate when describing the oxygen cost of weight bearing activities |
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MET |
Can be used to calculate the number of calories the subject uses per kilogram of body weight per hour
Oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise can be expressed in both ABSOLUTE terms [ liters of 02 per minute] or RELATIVE to body weight( ml of o2 per unit of body mass)
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Defined as the amount of vertical rise per 100 units of belt travel |
Percent grade |
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Which of the following describes the relationship between work rate and exercise efficiency |
Efficiency decreases as the work rate increases |
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The energy cost of activities can be expressed in terms of |
Multiples of the MET unit |
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There is an "optimum " speed of movement for any given work rate. |
Higher power outputs, a greater speed of movement is required to obtain optimum efficiency. Any change in the speed of movement away from the optimum results in a decrease in efficiency U |
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Technique does not involve the direct measurement of heat Mus know the types of metabolized nutrients |
Indirect caliometry |
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How many ml is in a L |
1000 |
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Device used to measure work |
Ergometer |
