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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many bones in the skull?
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22
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The bones of the skull are divided into these two groups:
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Cranial Bones &
Facial Bones |
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How many cranial bones are there?
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8
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How many facial bones are there?
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14
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What two groups are the cranial bones divided into?
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Calavaria (Skull cap)
Floor (Base) |
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Inner layer of spongy bone separating two outer plates of compact tissue, Calavaria and floor are made of this:
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Diploë
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What bones make up the calavaria?
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Frontal
Occipital R&L Parietal |
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What what bones make up the floor?
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Ethmoid
Spheniod R&L Temporal |
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What does the vertical portion of the frontal bone form?
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The frontal squama - Forms forehead and anterior part of cranial vault
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What does the horizontal portion of the frontal bone form?
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Orbital plates.
Part of roof of nasal cavity. Greater part of anterior cranial fossa. |
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What are the frontal bone landmarks?
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Frontal tuberosity
Supraorbital margins Supraciliary arches (ridge) Supraorbital foramina (notch) Glabella Supraorbital groove Orbital plate Nasal spine Ethmoid notch |
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Curved narrow ridge that forms the upper edge of orbit
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Supraorbital margin
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Smooth, arched elevation above the orbit; forms eyebrow ridge
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Superciliary arches (ridge)
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Notch, or small hole located along the superior margin of the orbit; passageway for supraorbital vessels and nerve
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Supraorbital notch (or forament)
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small elevation between the supercilliary arches (eyebrows) and above the nasal bone.
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Glabella
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Forms the roof of the orbits
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Orbital plate
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Ridge between nasal bone - superiormost part of bony nasal septum
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Nasal spine
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Notch where frontal bone and ethmoid bone connect (this notch recieves the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone)
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Ethmoidal notch
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Narrow extension that connects frontal bone with Zygomatic bone
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Zygomatic process
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What bones does the frontal bone articulate with?
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R&L Parietals
Sphenoid Ethmoid Nasal bones Zygoma |
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Large, somewhat square-shaped cranial bones that make up the top and sides of the cranium.
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Parietal bones
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Parietal bones have a convex ________ surface and concave_______Surface
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Convex external surface
Concave internal surface |
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Prominent bulge near center of external surface of each parietal. - widest point where the width of the skull is measured.
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Parietal eminence
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Parietal bone articulations.
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Eachother at the sagittal suture in MSP.
Frontal. Temporal. Occipital. Sphenoid. |
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Situated at posteroinferior part of cranium
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Occipital bone
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What does the occipital bone form?
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Forms half of the cranial base and greater portion of the cranial fossa.
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What are the 4 parts of the occipital bone?
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Squama (flat portion)
2 Occipital condyles Basilar portion |
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Where base of the skull connects to calavaria
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Basiliar portion
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on the side of the foramen magnum and articulates with the Atlas (C1)
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Occipital condyles
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Large opening through which the medulla oblongata passes at is exits the cranium
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Foramen magnum
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Prominent process on the squama?
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External occipital protuberance
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What is another name for external occipital protuberance?
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Inion
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What corresponds to internal occipital protuberance?
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external occipital protuberance
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Occipital bone articulations
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L&R parietals
L&R temporals Sphenoid Atlas (c1) |
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Where are the temporal bones situated?
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between the greater wings of the sphenoid and the occipital bone
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What do the temporal bones form?
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Form a large part of the middle cranial fossa and a small part of the posterior cranial fossa
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Located on the side of the cranial base between the greater wings of the sphenoid and occipital bone
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Temporal bones
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What forms a large part of the middle cranial fossa and a small part of the posterior cranial fossa?
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The temporal bones
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What parts make up the temporal bone?
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Squamous potion
Tympanic portion Styloid process Zygomatic process Petromastoid portion |
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Thin upper portion of temporal bone, forms part the side wall of cranium
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Squamous portion
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Prominent arched process that articulates with zygoma to complete the zygomatic arch
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Zygomatic process
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bottom half of squama, in front of petromastoid portion -forms anterior, inferior, and posterior walls of the external acoustic meatus.
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Tympanic portion
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Slender, pointed bone projects from inferior surface of tympanic portion
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Styloid Process
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Contains the organs for hearing and equilibrium
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Petrosmastoid portion
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What is located on the inferior border of the zygomatic process and forms anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa?
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Articular tubercle
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What forms the temporomandibular joint?
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Mandibular Fossa
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Where does the mandible and skull join to form the temporomandibular joint?
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Mandibular Fossa
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What does the mandibular fossa recieve?
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The condyle of the mandible.
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Conical process projecting from mastoid portion
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Mastoid process
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What articulates with the parietal bone at its superior border and with the occipital bone at its posterior border
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Petrosmastoid portion
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Contains organs for hearing and balance
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petros portion
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What other names are used for the petrosmastoid portion?
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Petrous pyramid
Petros ridges pars petrosa petrous portion |
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What are the names of the 3 auditory ossicles (Middle ear bones)?
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Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup) |
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Located in base of cranium anterior to temporal bones and basilar portion of occipital.
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Sphenoid bone
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What does the sphenoid bone consist of?
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Body
2 lesser wings 2 greater wings 2 pterygoid processes |
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What forms the posterior bony wall of the nasal cavity?
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Sphenoid Bone
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How many sinuses are in the body of the Sphenoid bone?
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2
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Deep depression on the superior surface of sphenoid which houses the pituitary gland
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Sella turcica
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Another name for pituitary gland?
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Hypophysis
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Anterior border of sella turcica
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Tuberculum Sellae
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Posterior border of sella turcica
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Dorsum Sellae
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Come off the top of dorsum Sellae
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Posterior clinoid processes
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Extends across the anterior portion of tuberculum sellae and ends on each side of optic canal.
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Optic groove
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Opening into the apex of orbit for transmission of optic nerve and opthamalic artery
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Optic Canal (actual opening is Optic Foramen)
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This part of the sphenoid bone forms part of the middle cranial fossa and posterolateral walls of orbit.
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Greater wings
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This part of the sphenoid bone forms part of the orbital roofs, anterior cranial fossa, superior orbital fissure and optic canals.
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Lesser wings
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What parts does the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone help form?
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orbital roofs
anterior cranial fossa superior orbital fissure optic canals |
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What parts do the greater wings of the sphenoid bone help form?
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middle cranial fosssa
posterolateral walls of orbit |
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What are the three pairs of foramina siturated on the greater wings of the sphenoid bone?
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Rotundum
Ovale Spinosum |
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Largest pair of foramen located on the greater wing of the Sphenoid bone
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Foramen Ovale
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What processes arise from the lower lateral portions of the spehnoid's body and the lower medial portions of its greater wings
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Pterygoid processes
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What do the pterygoids articulate with?
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Palatine bones (anteriorly)
Vomer (as part of nasal cavity) |
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What part of the sphenoid bone articulates with the vomer?
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Pterygoid process
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What part of the sphenoid bone articulates with the palatine bones?
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Pterygoid process
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Only bone that articulates with each other and all 7 bones of the cranium and zygoma
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Sphenoid
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Located between the orbits and forms part of anterior cranial fossa, nasal cavity, orbital walls, and bony nasal septum
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Ethmoid bone
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4 main parts that make up the ethmoid bone
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Horizontal Plate
Vertical Plate 2 Labryinths |
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The ethmoid's horizontal portion
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Cribiform plate
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The ethmoid's vertical portion
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Perpendicular Plate
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Plat that extends into nasal cavity and articulates with the vomer to form the bony nasal septum
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Perpendicular Plate
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Contains numerous foramna for transmission of olfactory nerves
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Cribiform plate
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Plate cranial floor and roof of nasal cavity that articulates with frontal bone
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Cribiform plate
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The conical projection of cribiform plate
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Crista Galli
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Contain the ethmoid sinuses or air cells
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Labrynths
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What are the two thin scroll shaped projections of the labrynths?
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Superior nasal conhcae
Middle nasal conchae |
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What does the ethmoid bone articulate with?
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Frontal
Sphenoid Lacrimal Maxilla Vomer |
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List the 4 main sutures of the skull
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Coronal
Sagittal Squamosal Lambdoidal |
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Suture between frontal and parietal bones
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Coronal
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Suture on top of head between two parietal bones
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Sagittal
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Suture between temporal bone and the parietal bones
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Squamosal
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Suture between occipital and parietal bones
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Lambdoidal
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List the 6 main suture points (junction of sutures) in adults
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Bregma
Lambda L&R Pterion L&R Asterion |
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Areas of incomplete ossification in infant skulls "soft spots"
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Fontanels
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Junction of coronal and sagittal sutures
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Bregma
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Junction of sagittal and lambdoidal suture
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Lambda
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Junction of coronal and squamosal suture
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L&R Pterion
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Junction of squamosal and lambdoidal suture
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L&R Asterion
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Age adult cranial size is achieved
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12
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Oval shaped, fibrocartilaginous, sound collecting organ on either side of head. (big flippy ear part)
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Auricle or Pinna
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Sound collecting canal
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External Auditory Meatus (EAM)
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Thin membranous disc that transmits sound waves
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Tympanic Membrane
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Irregularly shaped, air- containing compartment, communicates with nasopharynx through the eustachian tube where air pressure is equalized between the inner and outer ear
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Tympanic Cavity
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Air caivty in the temporal bone above the mastoid air cells
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Mastoid Antrum
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Name the auditory ossicles
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Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup) |
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What do the auditory ossicles permit?
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Vibrating motion
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The two main parts of the inner ear are:
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Boney Labyrinth
Membrous Labyrinth |
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Three main divisions of the ear
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External Ear
Middle Ear / Tympanum Internal Ear |
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Name the 14 facial bones
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R&L Nasal
R&L Lacrimal R&L Maxillary R&L Zygomatic R&L Palantine R&L inferior nasal conhae Vomer Mandible |
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Largest immovable bones of the face
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Maxillary bones
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What the maxillary bones articulate with
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All facial bones
Frontal Ethmoid |
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What do the maxillary bones help form?
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Part of the nasal cavity - the lateral side, and most of the nasal floor, & part of the orbit floor.
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How much of the roof of the mouth does the maxillary form?
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3/4
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large pyramidal cavity within the body of the maxillary bone
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Maxillary SInus
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Articulates with the Zygoma to form part of the cheek
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Zygomatic process of the maxilla
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Inferior borders of spongy bone that supports roots of the teeth
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Alvelolar process of the maxilla
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Forward pointed process at the midline maxillary junction
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Anterior nasal spine
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Midpoint of maxillary junction
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Acanthion
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Forms prominence of cheeks
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Zygomatic bones
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What forms the Zygomatic arch?
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The union of temporal process of Zygoma and Zygomatic process of temporal bone
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The union of temporal process of Zygoma and Zygomatic process of temporal bone forms what?
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Zygomatic Arch
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What does the Zygomatic bone articulate with?
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Superior = Frontal
Lateral = Zygomatic process of temporal bone Anterior = Maxilla Posterior = Sphenoid |
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Two smallest bones in the skull
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Lacrimal bones
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What is located in anterior part of medial wall of orbits between labyrinth of ethmoid and maxilla
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Lacrimal bones
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Hole for tear ducts
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Lacrimal foramen
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What are the lacrimal articulation?
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Frontal
Ethmoid Maxilla Inferior nasal concha |
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Two small thin bones that form superior bony wall of nasal cavity.
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Nasal bones
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What are the Nasal bone articulations?
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Eachother at MSP
Superior = Frontal Posterosuperior = Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Lateral sides = Maxillae |
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Scroll like bone between nasal conchae that helps form nasal septum
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Inferior nasal conchae
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Horizontal plates articulate with maxxillae to complete the posterior fourth of bony palate (roof of mouth)
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Palantine Bones
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Thin plate of bone situated along the MSP at the floor of nasal cavity and forms inferior nasal septum
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Vomer
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What does the Vomer articulate with?
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Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid bone, and nothing posteriorly
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What are the parts of the mandible?
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Body
Rami Angle of mandible mental protuberance Symphysis Alveolar process Mental foramina coronoid process Condylar process Mandibular Notch |
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Curved horizontal portion of the mandible
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Body
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Two vertical portions on each side the mandible's body
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Rami
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Junction of the mandible's body and ramus
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Angle of Mandible (Gonion)
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Anterior, triangular prominence of mandible
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Mental protuberance (chin)
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Larges and densest bone of the face
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Mandible
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Most central anterior part where left and right halves of mandible fuse
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Symphysis
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Superior border of body composed of spongy bone that supports the roots of teeth:
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Alveolar process
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Small opening on each side of the body which transmits nerves and blood vessels:
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Mental foramina
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Anterior process on top of ramus:
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Coronoid process
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What articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
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Condylar fossa
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Concave area at top of ramus between coronoid and condylar processes:
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Mandibular notch
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Air filled cavities located in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillae:
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Paranasal sinuses
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Functions of paranasal sinuses:
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-Resonating chamber for the voice.
-Produce mucus. -Decrease weight of skull. -Aid in warming and moisturizing inhaled air. -Act as shock absorbers in trauma. -Possibly control immune system. |
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Part of the temporal bone that connects with the mandible
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Temporal mandibular fossa
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Middle portion of the ethmoid bone
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Perpendicular plate
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What are two parts of the skull?
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Cranial
Facial |
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Part of the frontal bone that recieves the ethmolid bone
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ethmoid notch
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part of frontal bone that makes up the roof of the orbits?
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Orbital plate
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What bones make up the orbit?
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Frontal
Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxilla Zygoma Lacrimal Palatine |
