Cdc Volume 1 Set 2

Front 1

The average or collective state of the earth's atmosphere at any given location or area within a specified period is known as

Back 1

Climate.

Front 2

Descriptive climatology usually deals with

Back 2

Geographic regions.

Front 3

The temperature of an area depends on latitude, distribution of incoming and out going radiation, nature of the surface (land or water), altitude and

Back 3

Prevailing winds.

Front 4

Which climatic element is an important factor in the formation of fog over bodies of water?

Back 4

Evaporation.

Front 5

Which climatic element becomes especially important in desert areas?

Back 5

Condensation.

Front 6

Which is a vectorial average?

Back 6

The resultant wind.

Front 7

The most commonly used climatological parameter is the

Back 7

Mean.

Front 8

The extreme highest and lowest values for any given meteorological element recorded at a place of observation is known as the

Back 8

Absolute.

Front 9

The highest and lowest value for any given meteorological element that has occurred over a particular period is known as the

Back 9

Extreme.

Front 10

What are the two types of frequency distributions?

Back 10

Continuous and discrete.

Front 11

Thunderstorm occurrences are an example of

Back 11

Discrete data.

Front 12

The most common value in a frequency distribution is known as the

Back 12

Mode.

Front 13

The type of deviation used most often in meteorological studies is the

Back 13

Standard Deviation.

Front 14

The climate of a region is impacted most by

Back 14

Latitude.

Front 15

What sets the air in motion, tending to develop a general pattern of motion all over the earth?

Back 15

Latitudinal difference in the earth's heating.

Front 16

Coastal areas take on the temperature characteristics of the land or water

Back 16

To their windward side.

Front 17

Why is the mean temperature of the Northern Hemisphere higher than that of the Southern Hemisphere?

Back 17

It is higher for all these reasons.

Front 18

Rome, Italy and New York City are at approximately the same latitude, yet Rome has a much milder winter climate. What factor is mostly responsible for this?

Back 18

`East-west orientation of the Alps.

Front 19

What two general topographical features have the greatest affect on the climate of an area?

Back 19

Altitude and mountain barriers.

Front 20

Which pressure centers are the major climatic controls affecting climate?

Back 20

Semipermanent pressure centers.

Front 21

The principal cause of the surface ocean currents is the

Back 21

Frictional effect of the wind.

Front 22

A secondary cause of the surface ocean currents is the

Back 22

Density differences due to salinity and temperature variations.

Front 23

Upwelling is the process by which

Back 23

Subsurface water is displaced toward the surface.

Front 24

What are the two fastest ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere?

Back 24

Kuroshio System and the Gulf System.

Front 25

The Gulf Stream System is made up of the

Back 25

Florida Current, the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current.

Front 26

The northern extension of the Gulf Stream system is called the

Back 26

North Atlantic current.

Front 27

Although it is a high latitude, the climatic region of the northwestern Europe has a somewhat moderate temperature in winter. This is due to the

Back 27

Effects of the North Atlantic Current.

Front 28

Which North Atlantic current is similar to the Kuroshio current in its flow and climatological influence?

Back 28

Florida Current.

Front 29

What are the two best clues for locating the North Pacific Current?

Back 29

Temperature and salinity.

Front 30

In the fall, upwelling along the California coast gives way to a countercurrent that flows northward along the coast to about 48* latitude. What is the name of that countercurrent?

Back 30

Davidson Current.

Front 31

In the Southern Hemisphere,surface ocean circulations are much the same as in the Northern Hemisphere, except that the circulations move

Back 31

Counterclockwise in response to the winds around the subtropical highs.

Front 32

Which statement reflects the relationship between open land and forests on wind speed at the same latitude?

Back 32

Open land wind speeds are higher.

Front 33

What is the effect of large human settlements on the temperatures?

Back 33

Daily maximum and minimum temperatures are higher.

Front 34

If the boundaries of the hot belt are determined by given isotherms, the width of the zone

Back 34

Increases over the continents.

Front 35

A climatic province that is classified as humid mesothermal by Koppen is the

Back 35

OCEANIC MODERATE.

Front 36

Koppen's climate classification is based mainly on temperature, precipitation amount, and season of maximum precipitation. These elements were selected primarily because of their effect on

Back 36

Plant growth.

Front 37

Thornwaite's classification of climates places a great deal of emphasis on the effectiveness of precipitation, which is the relationship between precipitation and

Back 37

Evaporation at a certain place.

Front 38

Trewartha's climatic classification states that mountainous (highland H) climates are difficult to group climatologically on a small scale map due to the added

Back 38

Vertical dimension and the markedly change in atmospheric conditions.

Front 39

An area has a stationary air mass over its coastline and the land surface is warmer that the sea surface because of radiational heating. In what direction do local winds blow?

Back 39

From water to land during the day and from land to water during the night.

Front 40

What type of modified air mass is observed over India and Burma during the winter monsoon season?

Back 40

Continental polar.

Front 41

The equivalent chill factor depends on the

Back 41

Temperature and wind.

Front 42

The heat index depends on

Back 42

Temperature and relative humidity.

Front 43

What temperature is used as a constant in the equation for computing cooling degree-days?

Back 43

65.

Front 44

What climatological product is produced to provide professional engineers with useful information in the design and maintenance of buildings?

Back 44

Engineering weather data.

Front 45

As a general rule, which of the following climatological products is reviewed prior to issuing any forecast?

Back 45

Winds stratified conditional climatology.

Front 46

What size of an area to macroscale systems influence

Back 46

1,500 nautical miles.

Front 47

Which type of analysis covers an area of sufficient size to identify systems affecting a forecaster's area of operation?

Back 47

Synoptic scale analysis.

Front 48

Which is false concerning the classification of systems?

Back 48

Local winds, temperatures and clouds are not influenced by mesoscale systems.

Front 49

Which of the following is a synoptic system?

Back 49

Warm front.

Front 50

Which of the following is a mesoscale system?

Back 50

Mesolow.

Front 51

A synoptic or mesoscale weather pattern that affects the weather at a particular location defines

Back 51

A weather regime.

Front 52

What often determines the name of a synoptic weather regime?

Back 52

Development and system type.

Front 53

Which is the following information is not available via the meteorological technical information program (MetTIPs)?

Back 53

Specific regime forecasting checklists for every weather unit in the CONUS.

Front 54

This analytical process involves analyzing at the largest scale first, then focusing downward to the smallest scale?

Back 54

Forecast funnel.

Front 55

The affect that the zonal index has on the speed and movement of the synoptic systems is a

Back 55

High zonal index that would cause systems to speed up and move from west to east.

Front 56

What affect does the amplitude of a long wave trough or ridge have on surface systems?

Back 56

A large amplitude long wave trough would cause a low located ahead of it to deepen due to the strong divergence.

Front 57

What affect does the amplitude of a long wave trough or ridge have on surface systems?

Back 57

A large amplitude long wave ridge would cause a high located ahead of it to build due to the strong convergence.

Front 58

Which products are considered standard for detecting the long wave pattern?

Back 58

Satellite water vapor analysis, 5-wave analysis chart, and 500 MB hemispheric charts.

Front 59

How is synoptic regime information categorized?

Back 59

Geographical region, longwave pattern, and surface features.

Front 60

How do most units document regime information in their Terminal Forecast Reference Notebook (TFRN) or Local Analysis and Forecast Program (LAFP)?

Back 60

Documented regime information will be specific to their location.

Front 61

Which is not an example of a regime specific forecasting approach?

Back 61

Performing standard isobaric analysis of surface charts as outlined by routine station procedures.

Front 62

Suggested times spent on interrogating different atmospheric scales are

Back 62

10 percent macroscale, 30 percent synoptic, and 60 percent mesoscale and local.

Front 63

What two steps are followed to document your synoptic analysis on a forecast worksheet?

Back 63

Identification and Interrogation.

Front 64

Which statement best describes the first verification in the verification, intialization, and verification (VIV) process?

Back 64

Verify the previous 12-hour forecast positions with the current 00-hour forecast positions for the same time.

Front 65

Which statement best describes the second verification in the VIV process?

Back 65

Verify the 12-hr forecast positions with the analysis of real-time data for the same time, such as MetSAT analysis.

Front 66

Which part of the forecast worksheet is used to record forecast justification for each weather element in a forecast?

Back 66

Forecast Reasoning.

Front 67

Which area is favorable for the development and formation of storm centers, due to geographical and climatological conditions?

Back 67

Northern portions of the Gulf of Mexico.

Front 68

This US weather region is dominated by a cold high in the midwinter that prevents storm systems from moving into it is the

Back 68

West central intermountain area.

Front 69

This US weather region;s main weather hazards are caused by wintertime outbreaks along the polar front and associated wave phenomena.

Back 69

Central Plains area.

Front 70

Which US weather region is an area of storm track convergence?

Back 70

Northeastern area.

Front 71

The Atlantic Ocean modifies weather along the east coast of Canada by keeping the east coast

Back 71

Summers cooler and winters warmer than the inland regions.

Front 72

Where would you expect predominantly wet, cloudy and relatively warm winter weather in Canada?

Back 72

West coast region.

Front 73

Relatively warm temperatures exist in Alaska during the summer due to the

Back 73

Increased solar insolation and decreased clouds.

Front 74

What mountain chain separates France from Spain and how is it oriented?

Back 74

Pyrenees; oriented west to east.

Front 75

India encounters an abundance of precipitation (425 inches or more) annually due to the

Back 75

Southwest monsoon and associated onshore flow.

Front 76

What is the most important climatic element in Africa?

Back 76

Precipitation.

Front 77

What is a forecast review?

Back 77

An after-the-fact review of the observations, analyses, and forecast aids that were available to the forecaster.

Front 78

What is the difference between a forecast study and a review?

Back 78

A study requires more work analyzing data and the information is documented at greater length.

Front 79

What is a forecast seminar?

Back 79

A presentation developed and performed by weather personnel for the purpose of giving or discussing weather information.

Front 80

What is the purpose of a forecast review?

Back 80

Improve forecasting.

Front 81

Forecast reviews will generally fall under the following four categories;

Back 81

Forecast evaluation, failed to follow forecast procedures, outstanding forecast, and a significant weather event.

Front 82

What is a forecast evaluation?

Back 82

The process of determining forecast accuracy against the observed weather.

Front 83

A review accomplished for failing to follow forecast procedures should include

Back 83

The forecast procedures that were improperly followed, the consequences of those actions, and the procedures that you should have followed.

Front 84

Which would be useful for testing and developing new forecast techniques?

Back 84

Forecast study.

Front 85

What is the first step in developing a forecast review or study?

Back 85

Compile pertinent data.

Front 86

When accomplishing a forecast review or study, what type of meteorological model data should you compile?

Back 86

All the meteorological models available to the forecaster.

Front 87

Why is it important to scan forecasts from the surrounding area when accomplishing a forecast review or study?

Back 87

To search for accurate forecasts in an effort to open a line of communication with the responsible forecasters and get the information that led to their accurate forecast.

Front 88

The purpose of reanalyzing the compiled data is to

Back 88

Correct mistakes and find features that were originally missed.

Front 89

After reanalyzing the data for a forecast review or study, what analysis approach should be used to construct a logical three-dimensional description of the atmosphere.

Back 89

Forecast funnel.

Front 90

A chronological list of weather events and their potential causes would best define what?

Back 90

Event scenario.

Front 91

How can the process of determining the root causes of a weather episode differ for a review versus a study?

Back 91

Developing a review requires you to determine the root causes missed in your original reasoning, while a study requires you to present all the causes in your documentation.

Front 92

In documenting a forecast review, the purpose of providing a synoptic description is to

Back 92

Provide an introduction and rough guide to the synoptic classification.

Front 93

When documenting a forecast review, why is it necessary to include your original reasoning?

Back 93

It can indicate better wars to do the job as well as define and misinterpretations of existing guidance.

Front 94

What is the purpose of a forecast review if the causes of the weather are imperfectly known?

Back 94

To help build a database that can be used to improve the knowledge and understanding of the event.

Front 95

What is the most important section of the documented forecast review?

Back 95

Lessons learned.

Front 96

Which is not one of the steps in developing a forecast seminar?

Back 96

Construct a manuscript.

Front 97

What is the first step in researching the subject?

Back 97

Determine what you already know before looking elsewhere.

Front 98

What is the three-part arrangement that most communication follows?

Back 98

Introduction, body, conclusion.

Front 99

What is the underlying purpose of having audio-visual aids in a forecast seminar presentation?

Back 99

To help relay your message.

Front 100

What is the best way to get over being uncomfortable speaking in front of people?

Back 100

Rehearsing.