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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Winston Churchills view |
According to the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, WW2 Was mainly caused by Hitler's polecies and aims. |
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Important people of WW2: |
Adolf Hitler: Fomer member, becoming chancellor in Germany 1933. |
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Foreign Policy 1919-1933: |
Hitler was fighting as a soldier in WW1, but because he got temporarily blinded by the gas, he had to go to the hospital. During his time in the hospital, he decided to go into politics. As many other x-soldiers of ww1, Hitler was in rage over the unfair outcomes of WW1 as Germany surrendered. This also caused a general trend of division between the Münich democrates and the ekstreemist right-wing people. |
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Foreign Policy 1919-1933: |
The defeat on the western front, The unfair demands of the Treaty of Versailles, the land gained in the treaty of Brest Litovsk which then had to be given back - were all factors that made Hitler go to the right-wing side. He even referred to the Democrats at Münich as the November criminals, because they signed the Armistice on the 11/11 1918, confirming Germany's surrender. |
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Hitler enters politics: |
1919: Hitler became the 55th member of the small party: DAP (deutsche arbeiter partei) |
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1921: |
In 1921, the NAZI party came up with the 25-point plan. The plan was sort of a layout of the NAZI policies within Germany. The plan included points like: - Unification of all Germans - An end to the treaty of Versailles |
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Coup d'état in Münich 1923 |
In November 1923 Hitler and the NAZI's went to the Munich Beer Hall, where they attempted to sieze power in an illigal coup d'état over the weimar republic. 16 NAZI's were killed, and Hitler was sentenced to 5 years of prison, he ended up serving for only 9 months. |
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Mein Kampf My Struggle - Evidence of longterm planning. |
The book was a mixture between an autobiography and political philosophy. In Hitler's first edition of mein kampf which he wrote during his time in prison, Hitler layed out the essentials for Nazi policy. there was a great focus on: - Aryan race: The purification of the German race |
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Success of the Nazi's |
Germany's population was getting tired of the weimar-republic. The destruction of war, depth and the great depression resulted in a fast growing unemploymentrate. People were desperate and they wanted a solution now. Therefore a correlation between the increase in unemplyment and the support/success of the Nazi's can be found. |
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Hitler becomes chancellor: |
Due to the support of many right-wing parties of the weimar republic, the nazi's came to power.
They had gained a lot of their support because these powers meant that Hitler would encourage his foreign policies, Lebensraum. There was also a huge rely on rearmment. The rule was totalitarian. |
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Short term Causes of WW2 |
- Hitler announced that the Nazi's refused to pay for further reperations in europe. This went against the agreement signed in the Treaty of Versailles. It had already been declared that germany didn't want to pay, back in 1931, but Hitlers reanouncement was good propaganda.
- An IMPORTANT factor for the increase in tension, was Hitlers plans for rearmment in Germany. This went against settlements in the Disarmment conference of 1933. |
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Hitlers agression causing tension |
In 1933, Hitler withdrew from the League of Nations. The withdrewal + the foreign policy + the rearmement upset the powers of europe. Germany was a threat, as they had a huge military force and they showed that they did not care for the League and collective security. Also a non-agression pact was signed with Poland. |
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Anschluss |
Hitler wanted to unify Austria and Germany to a collected empire called Anschluss. The unification was forbidden by the League of Nations and was stated as an article in the Treaty of Versailles. If any attempt on unification would happen, Germany knew they would have to face confrontation with the European powers. In austria, pro-nazi groups stated to arise. And in 1934, they actually murdered their own Austrian Chancellor: Engelbert Dollfuss at an attempt at a coup d'état. Hitler saw this as an opportunity of creating Anschluss, but Moussolini sent his troops to the Austrian borders, to scare Germany |
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Further Violation of the Treaty of Versailles And positive propaganda |
In 1935, the mandate Saar, was as an outcome of WW1, led to selfdetermination. With a vote of a ratio of 9:1 in favour of unifying with Germany. This was great for the Nazi's as it showed that they had support. Hitler then announced to the rest of Europe that he had an army consisting of 500.000 men and admitted his airforce. This made other powers of europe VERY concerned. |
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The European Response Stresa front and Naval agreement 1935 |
Due to Hitlers Agression towards the treaty of Versailles, Britain, France and Italy signed an alliance called "the Streasa front". The alliance only lasted a month, as they came to realize their possibility of stopping Hitler was minimal. Also Britain signed an Angelo-German Naval agreement in 1935, allowing Germany to expand their army way more than the Treaty of Versailles allowed. Britain did this due to self-interests and also they tried to control the expandsion of the German army. |
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Remilitarisation of Rhineland |
Germany remilitarized the neutral Rhineland in 1936. This was a crucial violation of earlier agreements made in the treaty of versailles. The rhineland had been demilitarized in the first place, in order to secure the French border against the German. |
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Rome-Berlin Axis and the Anti Comintern Pact 1936 |
The Anti-comintern pact or the anti communists pact, was a pact that was anti communist. Germany signed it with Japan in 1936, where in 1937, Italy joined. |
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The Hossbach meeting 5th of november 1937 |
In november 1937, hitler called in for a meeting where he would lay out his four-year-plan for Germany´s economy. |
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Anschluss 1938 |
In 1938, Hitler sent his troops to Austria, when the Austrian Chancellor Schnuschnigg called in for a meeting regarding the future of Austria. Hitler did not fear Italy anymore, since they were now an allie, and the british Minister Chamberlain, argued that the Treaty of Versailles, had been to harsh as it banned the creation of Anschluss. Hitler sent his troops down there and used the excuse, that they were there to make sure everything would settle peacefully throughout the election. 99.75% were in favour of Anschluss. |
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Czechoslovakia |
Hitler wanted to regain the lost Sudetenland, from Czhechoslovakia, which was lost due to the Treaty of Versailles. |
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Munich Agreement September 1938 |
September 15: After Hitlers announcement of war-like tendencies, Chamberlain of Britain, set up a meeting with Hitler, where the outcome was that Hitler would get a small porportion of the Sudetenland which were already in favour of becoming German. |
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The situation so far |
Germany: singed Angelo-German naval agreement in 1935, Hitler admitted his huge army and airforce, Stresa front, Militarisation of Rhineland, Allied with Italy after Spanish Civil war 1936, Achieved anschluss 1938, Signed treaty with Italy 1936, Japan 1937, Munich agreement allowed Germany to take over Sudetenland, Hitler rearmed and reconstructed the arm race in 1939. |
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Immediate Causes of WW2 The Nazi-Soviet Pact |
Hitlers next step was the invasion of Poland in 1939. Hitler: benefitted from the pact as it meant he could fight off the west before the east. |
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WW2 Starts |
. 3rd of March 1939: British minister Chamberlain announces that Britain and France wants to secure the independence of Polan. |
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1930s Apeasement |
1. Chamberlain feared another war. People wanted peace = not enough public support to go to war. |
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Apeasement abandonned |
APPEASEMENT WAS ABANDONED IN 1939 1. Feb: Franco (a Fascist) won the Spanish Civil War so it seemed Fascism was on the increase everywhere. 2. 15 March: Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia so people realised that only a war would stop him. 3. March: Chamberlain promised to defend Poland which made war inevitable when Hitler invaded Poland. 4. April: Mussolini conquers Albania which made it seem that Fascism wanted to take over the world. |
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Appeasement abandoned (2) |
5. May: Pact of Steel [Hitler and Mussolini] which showed Hitler was building up his forces for war. 6. Aug: British alliance with USSR failed, but 23 August Nazi-Soviet Pact so Hitler was free to invade Poland. 7. Aug: Hitler stirred up trouble in Danzig and demanded the Polish corridor, then 8. Sept: Hitler invaded Poland. |