Cardiovascular System

Front 1

Cardiovascular System

Back 1

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide via blood

Its major function is transportation

Front 2

Medial section of the Thoracic cavity between the lungs (inferior mediastinum)

Pointed apex directed toward hip

Back 2

Where is the heart located?

Front 3

Apical pulse and 5th intercostal space

Back 3

Where one would place a stethoscope to count the rate of the?

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Pericardium

Back 4

Enclosed by a sac called _________?

And is made up of three layers (outer fibrous layer and inner serous membrane pair)

Hint 4

Front 5

Fibrous pericardium

Back 5

Loosely fitting superficial party of the pericardium sac.

Hint 5

Front 6

Fibrous layer

Back 6

Help protect the heart and anchors it towards surrounding structures such as the diaphragm and sternum

Front 7

Serous pericardium

Back 7

Deep to the fibrous pericardium is the slippery two layered ?

Front 8

Parietal pericardium

Back 8

Parietal layer of the serous pericardium that lines the interior of the fibrous pericardium

Hint 8

Front 9

Visceral pericardium/layer of the serous membrane or EPICARDIUM

Back 9

Layer and part of the heart wall and is the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall.

Hint 9

Front 10

Serous pericardial membranes

Back 10

Serous fluid is produced by and collects in the pericardial cavity between the serous layers.

Fluids allow the heart to beat easily in a relatively frictionless environment as the serous pericardial layers slide smoothly across each other

Front 11

Myocardium

Back 11

Consist of thick bundles of cardiac muscles twisted whorled into ringlike arrangements.

Layer that contracts.

Myocardial cells are link together by intercalated disc(contains desmosomes and gap junctions)

Hint 11

Front 12

Skeleton of the heart

Back 12

Myocardium reinforced by dense fibrous connective tissue called

Front 13

Endocardium

Back 13

Thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers.

Continuous with the linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart.

Hint 13

Front 14

4; two atria (singular:atrium) and two ventricles

Back 14

How many and what are the chambers of the heart?

These are lined by an endocardium (helps blood flow smoothly)

Front 15

Superior atria

Back 15

Receiving chambers and don't do pump activity

Assist with filling the ventricles

Front 16

Inferior thick walled ventricles

Back 16

Discharging chambers and the actual pumps of the heart

Front 17

Hearts anterior surface

Back 17

What does the right ventricle forms the most?

Front 18

Its apex

Back 18

What does the left ventricle form?

Front 19

Interatrial septum (seperates atria)

Back 19

Septum that divides the heart longitudinally where it divides the atria interventricular septum (seperates ventricles)

Front 20

Arteries

Back 20

Carrying blood away from heart

Front 21

Veins

Back 21

Carry blood toward the heart

Front 22

Right side of the heart

Back 22

Works as the pulmonary cicrcuit pump.

Reveives oxygen poor blood from the veins of the body through the superior and inferior vena cava

Front 23

Pulmonary trunk: Right and left pulmonary arteries (singular:artery)

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Where does the Oxygen poor blood coming from the veins of the venae cavae going to the right ventricle pumps out?

Front 24

(4) pulmonary veins

Back 24

The pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs (blood pick up oxygen and CO² unloaded or released) oxygen rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the left side through?

Front 25

Pulmonary circulation

Back 25

Circuit from the right ventricle back to left atrium is called?

Its only function is to carryblood to the lungs for gas exchange (O enters blood and CO² enters lungs ) and then return to the heart

Front 26

aorta

Back 26

Oxygen rich blood enters the left atrium flows to left ventricle and pumped out to , which systemic arteries supply all body tissues

Largest artery of the body

Front 27

Systemic circulation

Back 27

A circuit from the left ventricle through body tissues and back to the right atrium

Front 28

Left ventricle

Back 28

Has thicker walls than the other ventricle because it pumps blood over the much longer systemic pathway through the body

Front 29

4

Back 29

Heart is equipped with how many valves that allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers

Front 30

Atrioventricular valves (AV valve)

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1st set of valves Located between the atria and ventricles on each side

Prevents backflow into atria when ventricles contract

Front 31

Mitral valve

Back 31

Left AV valve or the bicuspid valve is also know as that consists of two flaps or cusps of endocardium.

Front 32

Tricuspid valve

Back 32

The right AV valve also known as?

Has three cusps and has tiny white chords (chordae tendineae) or tendinous chords more of like heart strings

Front 33

Chordae tindeneae

Back 33

Anchors the cusps to the walls of the ventricles

Front 34

Semilunar valves

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Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

These are known as pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve and has three cusps

Prevents arterial blood reentering the heart

Front 35

AV valves

Back 35

what valves are open during heart relaxation and closed when the ventricles are contracting

Front 36

Semilunar valves

Back 36

Closed during heart relaxation and are forced open when the ventricles contract

Front 37

Gap junctions

Back 37

Allows ions to flow from cell to cell. Wave of Excitement across the heart

Front 38

Cardiac cycle

Back 38

Event of one complete heartbeat

Front 39

Heart murmurs

Back 39

Abnormal or unusual heart sounds, blood flow becomes turbulent and created sounds

Front 40

Coronary atherosclerosis

Back 40

Clogging of the coronary vessels with fatty buildup

Front 41

congestive heart failure

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Pumping efficiency of the heart is reduced so that circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs

Front 42

pulmonary congestion

Back 42

Pumping of the left heart fails

Front 43

Tunica intima

Back 43

Lines the lumen or interior of the vessels, is a thin layer of endothelium resting on a basement membrane