Cap Final

Front 1

Drooping upper eyelid

Back 1

Ptosis

Front 2

An extended or protruded upper eyelid the delays closing or remains partially open

Back 2

Proptosis

Front 3

Uncontrolled movement of the eye

Back 3

Nystagmus

Front 4

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

Back 4

Conjunctivitis

Front 5

Examination of the fundus

Back 5

Ophthalmoscopy

Front 6

Measures intraocular pressure

Back 6

Tonometry

Front 7

Measures peripheral vision

Back 7

Visual field examination

Front 8

Normal intraocular pressure

Back 8

12 to 22 MM hg

Front 9

Myopia

Back 9

Nearsightedness

Front 10

Hyperopia

Back 10

Farsightedness

Front 11

Visual distortion caused by a irregular shaped cornea

Back 11

Astigmatism

Front 12

Signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis

Back 12

Redness, excessive tears, swelling, pain, burning and itching

Treatment includes antibiotic ointment or drops but can also clear up with no treatment. You can use warm soaks or sterile saline irrigations to help relieve symptoms

Front 13

What to teach the patient with conjunctivitis

Back 13

Remain away from other people as much as possible, use a different tissue each time you wipe your eye, wash hands often, discard eye make up items and do not use until conjunctivitis clears, stop wearing contact lenses, report to primary provider if discharge becomes thick and yellowish

Front 14

Imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous fluid

Back 14

Glaucoma

Front 15

Things to know about glaucoma

Back 15

Sometimes people won’t notice any symptoms for several years. It cannot be treated but you can be given topical medication to prevent further damage. Can use laser surgery to help (not cure)

Front 16

Impacted cerumen is accumulated earwax that obstructs the external acoustic meatus

Back 16

This interferes with the transmission of sounds carried on airwaves

Front 17

Signs and symptoms of impacted cerumen

Back 17

Client reports sense of fullness or pain in the ears (otalgia)

Hearing loss

Use a otoscope to see

Front 18

Medical and nursing management of impacted cerumen

Back 18

Hydrate earwax by instilling one or two drops of peroxide, warm glycerin, or mineral oil. Earwax can be removed mechanically by irrigating the ear

Warm eardrops by holding in hand for a few moments or placing it in warm water (Cold or hot liquids can cause dizziness

Teach client not to use cotton tip swabs or toothpicks

Front 19

Sensation of movement when there is none, or a sense of exaggerated motion when moving ( disturbance in middle ear)

Back 19

Vertigo

Front 20

Disorder characterized by fluctuations in the fluid volume and pressure in the sack of the inner ear

Back 20

Ménière’s disease

Front 21

Signs and symptoms of Ménière’s disease

Back 21

Tinnitus, air fullness, severe vertigo ( when a person moves their head the endolymph also moves)

Front 22

Medical and surgical management of someone with Ménière’s disease

Back 22

Treatment aims in reducing fluid production in the inner ear. A low sodium diet lessens edema, do not smoke, medicines such as diazepam, no coffee tea or soft drinks, eat fresh foods and vegetables, lemon alcohol, avoid aspirin an aspirin products because this increases tinnitus and vertigo

Front 23

Effects of certain medication‘s on the eighth cranial nerve or hearing structures (s&s is tinnitus and hearing loss)

Back 23

Ototoxicity

Front 24

When doing a physical assessment on someone’s abdomen

Back 24

Client lies supine with knees flex slightly to relax abdominal muscles. The nurse and specs, auscultates, percusses, palpates

Front 25

Barium swallow

Back 25

Is very constipating, encourage client to drink plenty of fluids to dilute the barium. Stool will appear white, streaky, or clay colored (make sure patient does not have a seafood allergy)

Front 26

Percutaneous liver biopsy

Back 26

Instruct the client to take a deep breath and hold it while the needle is inserted, placed a pressure dressing because bleeding is very common, have a client lie on the right side after the procedure for at least two hours, avoid coughing and straining, changes and vital signs may indicate bleeding

Front 27

What type of bacteria is believed to be responsible for the majority of peptic ulcers

Back 27

Helicobacter pylori (blood tests or urea breath test)

Front 28

Disorder that develops when gastric contents flow upward into the esophagus

Back 28

Gerd (pregnancy and obesity can increase this)

Front 29

Signs and symptoms of Gerd

Back 29

Epigastric pain (dyspepsia)

Burning sensation in esophagus (pyrosis)

Respiratory distress, bleeding from lining of esophagus

can aspirate

Front 30

Medical and surgical management of Gerd

Back 30

Educate weight loss, maintaining upright position following meals, elevate head of bed when sleeping, avoid food 2 to 3 hours before bedtime, medication‘s. Educate on eating smaller meals and avoid pepper, coffee, alcohol, chocolate, caffeine, stop smoking. It is important to know that sometimes pregnant women can have Gerd while pregnant but when the baby is delivered symptoms go away

Front 31

Cancer of the esophagus

Back 31

Difficulty swallowing, weight loss, regurgitation of food and liquids, hemorrhage. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation. Refrain from food that contain air or gas such as carbonated drinks, avoid drinking from straws

Front 32

Irritable bowel syndrome

Back 32

Abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, diarrhea and constipation, gas. (Client can report bowel doesn’t seem empty after pooping)

Diet : high fiber

Front 33

Crohn’s disease

Back 33

Occurs in the ileum, typically begins in young adulthood. Mucosa initially thickens and ulcers form in the inflamed areas.

S&S - abdominal pain, distention, pain and tenderness in lower abdominal quadrants on the right side. Encourage meals because clients stop eating due to the pain. Growth failure is a common symptom in children. Palpation may reveal an abdominal mass. Examination of stool specimen reveals excessive fat and occult blood and white blood cells. Surgery to remove colon can be don but results in lifetime ileostomy.

Front 34

Cancer of colon and rectum

Back 34

Genetic. Chief characteristic is change in bowel habits such as constipation and diarrhea. Has the urge to poop but sensation does not go away. Blood in store, abdominal pain, narrowing of stool. Polyps are found and examined.

Front 35

Cirrhosis

Back 35

Liver disorder cause by cellular damage (mainly from alcohol)

Jaundice is big S&S

Liver biopsy to reveal hepatic fibrosis

Watch for alcohol withdrawal (rise in BP, pulse and temp)