Bsc1010Chapter 4

Front 1

1.  Which of the following are principles of the cell theory or cell doctrine?  
A.  All living things are composed of one or more cells.
B.  Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms.
C.  New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
D.  Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division.
E.  All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Back 1

E.  All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Front 2

2.  Which two cell scientists are credited with the formulation of the cell theory, also known as the cell doctrine?  
A.  Watson and Crick
B.  Schleiden and Schwann
C.  Schleiden and Hooke
D.  Schwann and Jenner

Back 2

B.  Schleiden and Schwann

Front 3

3.  This is a tool that enables researchers to study the structure and function of cells.  
A.  magnifying glass
B.  microscope
C.  tunneling assay
D.  digital recording
E.  differential centrifugation

Back 3

B. microscope

Front 4

5.  Which of the following reflects a primary difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopy?  
A.  Transmission electron microscopy has high resolution, but scanning electron microscopy does not.
B.  Transmission electron microscopy shows contrast, but scanning electron microscopy does not.
C.  Transmission electron microscopy has much higher magnification than scanning electron microscopy.
D.  Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure.
E.  Transmission electron microscopy uses light as an illumination source, while scanning electron microscopy uses electron beams as an illumination source.

Back 4

D.  Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure.

Front 5

6.  Which of the following type of microscopy would be most effective in visualizing the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments 10–25 nanometers in diameter?  
A.  standard light microscopy
B.  phase-contrast light microscopy
C.  transmission electron microscopy
D.  darkfield light microscopy
E.  differential-interference microscopy

Back 5

C. transmission electron microscopy

Front 6

8.  Prokaryotes  
A.  lack a true nucleus.
B.  lack true DNA.
C.  use the cell membrane rather than ribosomes for making proteins.
D.  contain numerous organelles.
E.  are relatively benign cells incapable of harming organisms.

Back 6

A.  lack a true nucleus.

Front 7

9.  Which of the following structures distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?  
A.  chloroplast
B.  nucleus
C.  plasma membrane
D.  golgi apparatus
E.  mitochondria

Back 7

A. chloroplast

Front 8

10.  Which of the following is NOT true of prokaryotes?  
A.  They lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
B.  DNA is located within the cytosol.
C.  They have a simpler structure relative to eukaryotes.
D.  They possess membrane-bound organelles.
E.  They are relatively small compared with eukaryotes.

Back 8

D. They possess membrane-bound organelles.

Front 9

11.  The cell wall is a common feature to  
A.  prokaryotic cells only.
B.  plant cells only.
C.  animal cells only.
D.  prokaryotic and plant cells.
E.  prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.

Back 9

D. prokaryotic and plant cells.

Front 10

12.  Plasma membranes are a feature of  
A.  all cells.
B.  prokaryotic cells only.
C.  eukaryotic cells only.
D.  plant cells only.
E.  animal cells only.

Back 10

A. All cells.

Front 11

13.  During a period of low water availability, which prokaryotic structure would protect a cell from dessication (drying out)?  
A.  pili
B.  plasma membrane
C.  nucleus
D.  cell wall

Back 11

D. Cell wall.

Front 12

14.  The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.  
A.  pili
B.  glycocalyx
C.  ribosome
D.  nucleoid
E.  cell wall

Back 12

D. Nucleoid.

Front 13

15.  Which of the following might account for the general structural and functional differences between a nerve and smooth muscle cell within an individual?  
A.  The proteome differs between muscle and nerve cells.
B.  The genome (DNA) differs between muscle and nerve cells.
C.  The relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.
D.  The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.
E.  The genome (DNA) and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.

Back 13

D. The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.

Front 14

16.  FtsZ, MreB, and CreS proteins regulate the shape and structure of bacterial (prokaryotes) cells. These proteins are homologous to what structure in eukaryotes?  
A.  extracellular matrix
B.  DNA processing enzymes
C.  cytoskeleton
D.  organelles
E.  cell wall

Back 14

C. cytoskeleton

Front 15

17.  Which of the statements about the synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) is INCORRECT?  
A.  Translation is the process of protein synthesis.
B.  Proteins are synthesized in the cytosol.
C.  The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.
D.  The synthesis of proteins requires ribosomes.
E.  Proteins are synthesized from mRNA template.

Back 15

C. The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.

Front 16

18.  Which cytoskeletal structures represent a highly diverse group of tension-bearing fibers important to the maintenance of cell shape?  
A.  microtubules
B.  intermediate filaments
C.  microfilaments
D.  centrioles
E.  pili

Back 16

B. intermediate filaments

Front 17

19.  The cytoskeleton and motor proteins are important for which of the following processes?  
A.  cell motility
B.  whipping motion of sperm flagella
C.  movement of amoeba by lamellopodia
D.  muscle contraction
E.  All of the choices are correct.

Back 17

E. All of the choices are correct.

Front 18

1.  Which of the following are principles of the cell theory or cell doctrine?  
A.  All living things are composed of one or more cells.
B.  Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms.
C.  New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
D.  Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division.
E.  All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Back 18

E.  All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Front 19

2.  Which two cell scientists are credited with the formulation of the cell theory, also known as the cell doctrine?  
A.  Watson and Crick
B.  Schleiden and Schwann
C.  Schleiden and Hooke
D.  Schwann and Jenner

Back 19

B. Schleiden and Schwann

Front 20

3.  This is a tool that enables researchers to study the structure and function of cells.  
A.  magnifying glass
B.  microscope
C.  tunneling assay
D.  digital recording
E.  differential centrifugation

Back 20

B. microscope

Front 21

5.  Which of the following reflects a primary difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopy?  
A.  Transmission electron microscopy has high resolution, but scanning electron microscopy does not.
B.  Transmission electron microscopy shows contrast, but scanning electron microscopy does not.
C.  Transmission electron microscopy has much higher magnification than scanning electron microscopy.
D.  Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure.
E.  Transmission electron microscopy uses light as an illumination source, while scanning electron microscopy uses electron beams as an illumination source.

Back 21

D. Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure.

Front 22

6.  Which of the following type of microscopy would be most effective in visualizing the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments 10–25 nanometers in diameter?  
A.  standard light microscopy
B.  phase-contrast light microscopy
C.  transmission electron microscopy
D.  darkfield light microscopy
E.  differential-interference microscopy

Back 22

C. transmission electron microscopy

Front 23

8.  Prokaryotes  
A.  lack a true nucleus.
B.  lack true DNA.
C.  use the cell membrane rather than ribosomes for making proteins.
D.  contain numerous organelles.
E.  are relatively benign cells incapable of harming organisms.

Back 23

A. lack a true nucleus.

Front 24

9.  Which of the following structures distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?  
A.  chloroplast
B.  nucleus
C.  plasma membrane
D.  golgi apparatus
E.  mitochondria

Back 24

A. chloroplast

Front 25

10.  Which of the following is NOT true of prokaryotes?  
A.  They lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
B.  DNA is located within the cytosol.
C.  They have a simpler structure relative to eukaryotes.
D.  They possess membrane-bound organelles.
E.  They are relatively small compared with eukaryotes.

Back 25

D. They possess membrane-bound organelles.

Front 26

11.  The cell wall is a common feature to  
A.  prokaryotic cells only.
B.  plant cells only.
C.  animal cells only.
D.  prokaryotic and plant cells.
E.  prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.

Back 26

D. prokaryotic and plant cells.

Front 27

12.  Plasma membranes are a feature of  
A.  all cells.
B.  prokaryotic cells only.
C.  eukaryotic cells only.
D.  plant cells only.
E.  animal cells only.

Back 27

A. all cells.

Front 28

13.  During a period of low water availability, which prokaryotic structure would protect a cell from dessication (drying out)?  
A.  pili
B.  plasma membrane
C.  nucleus
D.  cell wall

Back 28

D. cell wall

Front 29

14.  The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.  
A.  pili
B.  glycocalyx
C.  ribosome
D.  nucleoid
E.  cell wall

Back 29

D. nucleoid

Front 30

15.  Which of the following might account for the general structural and functional differences between a nerve and smooth muscle cell within an individual?  
A.  The proteome differs between muscle and nerve cells.
B.  The genome (DNA) differs between muscle and nerve cells.
C.  The relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.
D.  The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.
E.  The genome (DNA) and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.

Back 30

D. The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.

Front 31

16.  FtsZ, MreB, and CreS proteins regulate the shape and structure of bacterial (prokaryotes) cells. These proteins are homologous to what structure in eukaryotes?  
A.  extracellular matrix
B.  DNA processing enzymes
C.  cytoskeleton
D.  organelles
E.  cell wall

Back 31

C. cytoskeleton

Front 32

17.  Which of the statements about the synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) is INCORRECT?  
A.  Translation is the process of protein synthesis.
B.  Proteins are synthesized in the cytosol.
C.  The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.
D.  The synthesis of proteins requires ribosomes.
E.  Proteins are synthesized from mRNA template.

Back 32

C. The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.

Front 33

18.  Which cytoskeletal structures represent a highly diverse group of tension-bearing fibers important to the maintenance of cell shape?  
A.  microtubules
B.  intermediate filaments
C.  microfilaments
D.  centrioles
E.  pili

Back 33

B. intermediate filaments

Front 34

19.  The cytoskeleton and motor proteins are important for which of the following processes?  
A.  cell motility
B.  whipping motion of sperm flagella
C.  movement of amoeba by lamellopodia
D.  muscle contraction
E.  All of the choices are correct.

Back 34

E. All of the choices are correct.

Front 35

20.  Which of the following is NOT true for cilia or flagella?  
A.  They are involved in cell motility.
B.  They require ATP to work.
C.  They are composed of microfilaments.
D.  They require motor proteins to work.
E.  They are composed of an internal structure called the axoneme.

Back 35

C. They are composed of microfilaments.

Front 36

21.  This cytoskeletal structure is composed of actin and regulates cell shape, cell movement, and muscle contraction.  
A.  microfilaments
B.  intermediate filaments
C.  microtubules
D.  both microfilaments and intermediate filaments
E.  both microfilaments and microtubules

Back 36

A. microfilaments

Front 37

22.  Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that produce which of the following molecules?  
A.  steroids
B.  lipids
C.  glucose
D.  starches
E.  proteins

Back 37

E. proteins

Front 38

23.  In animal cells microtubules grow from which structure?  
A.  origination centers in the plasma membrane
B.  outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
C.  centrosomes containing centrioles
D.  dimerization centers located throughout the cytosol
E.  the tips of the chromosomes

Back 38

C. centrosomes containing centrioles

Front 39

24.  This specialized structure stores pigments, water, inorganic ions and maintains turgor pressure.  
A.  Golgi apparatus
B.  vacuole
C.  peroxisomes
D.  vesicles
E.  lysosomes

Back 39

B. vacuole

Front 40

25.  Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell?  
A.  Golgi apparatus®lysosome®vesicles®plasma membrane
B.  plasmid®plasma membrane®nuclear envelope®smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C.  nuclear envelope®vesicles®Golgi apparatus®plasma membrane
D.  rough endoplasmic reticulum®lysosomes®vesicles®cell membrane
E.  rough endoplasmic reticulum® Golgi apparatus®vesicles ®plasma membrane

Back 40

E. rough endoplasmic reticulum® Golgi apparatus®vesicles ®plasma membrane

Front 41

26.  Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?  
A.  lysosome-protein synthesis
B.  cytoskeleton-microfilaments
C.  nucleus-DNA replication
D.  cell membrane-lipid bilayer
E.  Golgi apparatus-modification, processing, and sorting of macromolecules

Back 41

A. lysosome-protein synthesis

Front 42

27.  Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is NOT correct?  
A.  chloroplast: photosynthesis
B.  cell wall: support, protection
C.  mitochondria: formation of ATP
D.  ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
E.  Golgi apparatus: breakdown of macromolecules

Back 42

E. Golgi apparatus: breakdown of macromolecules

Front 43

28.  This organelle is responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell.  
A.  Golgi apparatus
B.  lysosome
C.  vesicles
D.  endoplasmic reticulum
E.  mitochondria

Back 43

D. endoplasmic reticulum

Front 44

29.  Due to the lack of an enzyme to break down lipids, excess accumulation of lipids in the brain leads to a human disease called Tay Sachs syndrome. Which organelle is likely to be the one that lacks the proper enzyme needed for lipid breakdown?  
A.  lysosome
B.  tonoplast
C.  mitochondrion
D.  Golgi apparatus
E.  peroxisome

Back 44

A. lysosome

Front 45

30.  This organelle is important for the detoxification of alcohol in the liver.  
A.  lysosome
B.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C.  mitochondrion
D.  Golgi apparatus
E.  peroxisome

Back 45

B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 46

31.  The gonads produce steroids.  Which organelle would likely be present in this tissue?  
A.  ribosome
B.  lysosome
C.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D.  mitochondria
E.  contractile vacuole

Back 46

C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 47

32.  Which of the following is INCORRECT about ribosome biosynthesis and structure?  
A.  Ribosomes are composed of two subunits.
B.  Ribosomes are composed of RNA.
C.  All components of the ribosome are produced in the cytosol.
D.  Ribosomal proteins are produced in the cytosol.
E.  Ribosomes are composed of proteins.

Back 47

C. All components of the ribosome are produced in the cytosol.

Front 48

33.  Which of the following is not a constituent of the nucleus?  
A.  pores
B.  envelope or membrane
C.  chromosomes
D.  chromatin
E.  protein modifying enzymes

Back 48

E. protein modifying enzymes

Front 49

34.  Lysosomes digest intracellular debris, such as organelles, through the process of ____________.  
A.  endocytosis
B.  phagocytosis
C.  autophagy
D.  pinocytosis
E.  excocytosis

Back 49

C. autophagy

Front 50

35.  In eukaryotes, which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?  
A.  barrier for separating extracellular and intracellular environments of a cell
B.  cell-to-cell adhesion
C.  selective transport
D.  ATP synthesis
E.  cell signaling

Back 50

D. ATP synthesis

Front 51

36.  Which of the following statements about peroxisomes is INCORRECT?  
A.  They were once viewed as semiautonomous.
B.  They assist in detoxifying molecules.
C.  They possess a single membrane.
D.  They possess their own DNA.
E.  They possess an enzyme that prevents accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals.

Back 51

D. They possess their own DNA.

Front 52

37.  Which of the following organelles can grow and divide to reproduce themselves?  
A.  mitochondria only
B.  chloroplasts only
C.  peroxisomes only
D.  both mitochondria and chloroplasts
E.  Mithochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes can reproduce themselves.

Back 52

D. both mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 53

38.  Cyanide binds and impairs one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Which organelle does cyanide act upon?  
A.  peroxisome
B.  lysosome
C.  ribosome
D.  endoplasmic reticulum
E.  mitochondria

Back 53

E. mitochondria

Front 54

39.  Tissues that are metabolically active and utilize large amounts of energy would be rich in  
A.  ribosomes.
B.  lysosomes.
C.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D.  mitochondria.
E.  contractile vacuoles.

Back 54

D. mitochondria.

Front 55

40.  Which of the following plant organelle is a colorless plastid that stores starch in roots?  
A.  thyloplasts
B.  chloroplasts
C.  chromoplasts
D.  amyloplasts
E.  both chloroplasts and chromoplasts

Back 55

D. amyloplasts

Front 56

41.  Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of both mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?  
A.  Composed of a double stranded chromosome.
B.  Composed of a single circular chromosome
C.  Has a small genome.
D.  Chloroplast genome is larger than the mitochondrial genome.

Back 56

A. Composed of a double stranded chromosome.

Front 57

42.  Which of the following is NOT a function of a signal recognition particle (SRP)?  
A.  Binds to a receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
B.  Docks the ribosome over a channel protein.
C.  Helps a vesicle bud from the endoplasmic membrane (ER)
D.  Recognizes the endoplasmic membrane (ER) signal sequence

Back 57

C. Helps a vesicle bud from the endoplasmic membrane (ER)

Front 58

43.  The cell is the basic structural/functional unit common to all living organisms.  

Back 58

TRUE

Front 59

44.  Resolution, contrast, and magnification are three important parameters in microscopy.  

Back 59

TRUE

Front 60

45.  Fluorescence microscopy enables researchers to label and visualize a particular type of cellular protein or organelle.  

Back 60

TRUE

Front 61

46.  The flagellum is used for cell motility in eukaryotes only.  

Back 61

FALSE

Front 62

47.  All plant cells contain centrioles.  

Back 62

FALSE

Front 63

48.  The presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts are two features that distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell.  

Back 63

TRUE

Front 64

49.  The genome rather than proteome most specifically determines how a cell looks and functions.  

Back 64

FALSE

Front 65

50.  The glycocalyx is a protective coating that prevents bacteria from dehydration and potential destruction by the host organism.  

Back 65

TRUE

Front 66

51.  Myosin is a motor protein that walks along intermediate filaments.  

Back 66

FALSE

Front 67

52.  The flagellum is composed of a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules called the axoneme.  

Back 67

TRUE

Front 68

53.  The Golgi apparatus is much like a warehouse; it processes proteins and sorts them for delivery to certain parts of the cell.  

Back 68

TRUE

Front 69

54.  Materials move in and out of the nucleus via endocytosis and exocytosis.  

Back 69

FALSE

Front 70

55.  Both lysosomes and peroxisomes are important for detoxifying substances in the cell.  

Back 70

FALSE

Front 71

56.  Photosynthesis in plants occurs in chloroplasts.  

Back 71

TRUE

Front 72

57.  The Endosymbiosis Theory best describes the origins of peroxisomes in eukaryotes.  

Back 72

FALSE

Front 73

58.  In eukaryotes, most proteins contain short stretches of amino acid sequences called sorting signals which direct the protein to the correct cellular location.  

Back 73

TRUE

Front 74

59.  The first step in cotranslational sorting is the peptide is directed to the endoplasmic reticulum.  

Back 74

TRUE