Biology Test 2 Chapter 32 Animal Diversity

Front 1

1. Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes: Multicellular hetertrophic eukaroytes: What does that mean? Are there exceptions to this? Compare plants and fungi on these categories

Back 1

they are all this. they cannont synthesize thier own organic molecules (plants do that.they are different from fungi b/c they digest thier food only after it is ingested

Front 2

their cells lack cell walls.what about plants and fungi?

Back 2

plants- cellulose, fungi- chitin

Front 3

what are thier bodies held together by? example..

Back 3

structural proteins ex. collagen

Front 4

animals have defined body plans: what does this mean?

Back 4

tissue develops from embryonic layers

Front 5

what are HOX genes?

Back 5

all animals and only animals have, they highly conserved gene family and are developmental genes

Front 6

most animals reproduce sexually and the dploid stage dominates: Compare to fungi and plants.

Back 6

usualy a small flagellated sperm fertilizes a larger nonmotile egg in animals.

Front 7

what are 2 specific types of tissue only found in animals?

Back 7

nervous and muscle

Front 8

what is the common ancestor of animals? what is the evidenc?

Back 8

choanoflagellates. choanocytes of sponges are almost indistinguisable form modern choanoflagellates. similar cells are in cnidarains, flatworms and echinoderms. dna sequence homology sipports relatedness

Front 9

describe embryonic development

Back 9

the fertilized egg undergoes cleavage, a blastula (hollow ball) is usually formed, then gastrulation occurs.

Front 10

which process of embryonic development produces 2 tissue layers?

Back 10

gastrulation- the embryo arragnes so that one end folds inward. Ectoderm and endoderm

Front 11

what symmetry is when parts of the animal radiate from the center, and any cut through the center divides the animal into mirror images? give examples

Back 11

radial , sessile animals and drifiting (jellyfish)

Front 12

what symmetry is 2 sided and only one cut divides the animal into mirror image halves, a dorsal and vental side, left and right side, anterior and posterior end? what do most of these animals have?

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bilateral. central nervous systems which allows for coordiantaion.

Front 13

do all animals have symmetry?

Back 13

no, sponges lack it

Front 14

what is it called when animals have sensory equpiment located in the anterior end and a central nervous system (brain)?

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cephalization

Front 15

what are animals with 3 tissue layers called? what symmetry do they have?

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triploblasts, bilateral

Front 16

what are animals with 2 tissuelayers? give example

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diploblasts, jellies and corals

Front 17

what tissue layer forms muscles, and other organs between the digestive tract and outer covering?Is this in all animals?

Back 17

mesoderm, no

Front 18

what tissue layerlines the digestive tract and gives rise to organs derived from it? give examples

Back 18

endoderm, liver and lung

Front 19

what is the name give to sponges because they have true tissue (collections of specialized cells isolated from other cells by membranous layer)?

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basal animals

Front 20

what is the outer covring called?

Back 20

ectoderm

Front 21

when do layers develop?

Back 21

during gastrulation

Front 22

what is a body cavity called?

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coelom

Front 23

what is the advantage of having a coelom?

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its fluid cushions suspended organs so it minimizes internal injuries. it allows for growth andmovement of internal organs and in soft bodied coelomates, its fluid acts like a skelton

Front 24

what are triploblastic animals that possess a body cavity called?

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coelomates

Front 25

what are triploblastic animals that have a body cavity onnly partially lined with mesoderm called?

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pseudocoelomates

Front 26

what is the name for animals that lack a body cavity?

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acoelomates

Front 27

what type of cleavage does protostome development have?

Back 27

spiral cleavage0 the plane of the cell division is diagonal to the vertical axis. Most have determinant cleavge- the postion in the 8 cell embryo determines its fate irreversibley

Front 28

what type of cleavage does deutrosome development have?

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its perpendicular to the vertical axis. Most have interdeterminant cleavage- any of the 8 cells could become a complete embryo

Front 29

in gastrulation what is the growin pouch called?

Back 29

archenteron

Front 30

how is the coelom formed in protosomes?

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solid masses of mesoderm split at the base of the archentron to form the coelom

Front 31

how is the coelom formed in deuterostomes?

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the mesoderm buds from the top of the archenteron to from the coelom

Front 32

what is the indentation during gastrulation that leads to the formation of the archenteron?

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blastopore

Front 33

in protosomes what does the blastopore become?

Back 33

the mouth

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in deutrosomes what does the blastopore become?

Back 34

anus

Front 35

what aspects of animal phylogeny are well accepted?

Back 35

all animals share a common ancestor. sponges are the simplest animals, eumetazoans are in a clade, most animals are bilaterians, deuterostome development also defines a clade (chordates and others are in this clade).

Front 36

what are sone differences between the two trees prsented in the text?

Back 36

one is based mostly on morphology and development. the other is base on DNA evidence