Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sessile |
Not able to move around; stuck in one location
|
|
Mesoglea |
A (false) middle layer |
|
Ganglion |
A primitive brain, really a collection of nerve cells |
|
Cleavage |
~ Refers to cell division in the early embryo ~ 2 Cells |
|
Ventral |
The (belly) side of an organism; Lower surface |
|
Dorsal |
The (back) side of an organism; Upper surface |
|
Anterior |
The (head) end of an organism |
|
Prosterior |
The (bum) end of an organism |
|
Radial Symmetry |
~ Parts radiate from a central point, like spokes of a wheel. Organism has definite dorsal and ventral surfaces, but no front, back, right, or left sides ~ Example: Hydra, Sea Anenome |
|
Asymmetry |
~ No symmetry; There is no fixed arrangement of body parts. ~ Example: Coral, Sponge, Amoeba
|
|
Bilateral Symmetry |
~ Parts are arranged on either side of a central axis. One side is a mirror image of the other. Organism has dorsal and ventral sides, as well as an anterior end prosterior end, right side and left side. ~ Example: Crab, Spider |
|
Blastula |
A hollow ball of cells |
|
Gastrula |
~ Reorganization of the blastula into 3 germ or tissue layers as cells move inward from the surface, forming a two layered cup shaped embryo. |
|
Ectoderm |
Outer layer, gives rise to the skin, nerves and sense organs |
|
Endoderm |
Inner layer, gives rise to the digestive tract and respiratory system. |
|
Mesoderm |
Middle layer, gives rise to the circulatory system, muscles and reproductive and excretory organs. |
|
Protostome |
~ An animal with a blastopore that develops into a mouth. ~ Examples: Earthworms, Clams, Squids, and Insects |
|
Deuterostome |
~ An animal with a blastopore that develops into an anus. ~ Examples include vertebrates, sea stars and their relatives, and humans |
|
Blastospore |
An opening in tissue development which may become the mouth or the anus |
|
Pseudocoelom |
~ Partially lined body cavity (false coelom) ~ Mesoderm cells line the ectoderm side of the body cavity but not the endoderm side. ~ Examples: Roundworms such as nematode.
|
|
Coelom |
~ Fully lined body cavity within the mesoderm ~ Animals that have a true coelom are called coelomates ~ Examples: Segmented Worms, Earthworm ~ Most advanced ~ Advantages: Provides a place for the development of more complex organ system, The fluid-filled space cushions internal organs and keeps them from being affected by the movement of surrounding muscles. ~ Humans are coelomates.
|
|
Acoelom |
~ Mesoderm forms a solid layer of tissue between the endoderm and the ectoderm. (Without a coelom) ~ Sandwich model ~ Animals are called acoelomates ~ Examples: Flatworms such as planaria ~ Least advanced
|
|
Tube within a tube body plan |
~ Have an entrance for food and an exit for waste. Two openings allow specialization of parts to occur along the length of the tube. ~ Most Advanced |
|
Sac body plan |
Have only one opening, which is used both as an entrance for food and an exit for waste. |
|
Outstanding Characteristics Of Kingdom Animalia |
1. Multicellular 2. Eukaryotic cells lacking plastids and photosynthetic pigments 3. Nutrition primarily ingestive with digestion in an internal cavity 4. High level of organization and tissue differentiation in higher forms 5. Development of sensory-neuromotor systems 6. Motility by contractile fibres 7. Reproduction primarily sexual |
|
Spherical Symmetry |
The organism is shaped like a sphere and has body parts that radiate from the center of the sphere. |
|
Segmentation |
Arrangement of body parts in which some or all of the body are divided into repeating units |
|
How does movement of animals with radial symmetry compare to that of animals with bilateral symmetry? |
The animal with bilateral symmetry tend to be able to move quickly. Radical symmetrical animals tend to be slow moving or sessile. |
|
Why are animals with segmentation considered to be more evolutionarily advanced than organisms lacking segmentation? |
Because segmentation allows for specialization of body parts and an overall more complex body |
|
Body Plan Of Human |
~ Bilateral Symmetry ~ Segmentation is evident in the spine, anterior region contains sense organs, posterior end |
|
Tissue Development |
Using the similarities in tissue development, scientists can reveal relationships that might not be inferred by comparing the bodies of adult animals. |
|
Homeostasis |
A relatively stable internal environment |
|
Tissue |
A group of similar cells that preform a particular function |
|
Primary Waste Of Cells |
CO2 & Ammonia |
|
Cephalization |
Concentration of nerve cells and sense organs at the front end of the body |