Biology: Homeostasis

Front 1

Transpiration

Back 1

Loss of water vapour through the stomata on the leaves

Front 2

When does the stomata close?

Back 2

It closes when there is lack of water, darkness or high CO2

Front 3

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis

Back 3

Carbon dioxide, light intensity, temperature, etc.

Front 4

Photosynthesis equation

Back 4

CO2+H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2

Front 5

What is photosynthesis?

Back 5

The process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.

Front 6

What is an osmoconformer?

Back 6

Are marine animals that maintain the osmolarity of their body fluids such that it is always equal to the surrounding seawater.

Front 7

What is an osmoregulator

Back 7

The active regulation of an organisms fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the organisms water content.

Front 8

What are phloem?

Back 8

A wall of living cells that are perforated to transport food to the leaves.

Front 9

What are xylem?

Back 9

A column of once living cells that transports water and dissolved minerals to the leaves.

Front 10

What is phototropism?

Back 10

A plants stimulus to light. For example, the tip of a growing shoot bending towards the direction of sunlight.

Front 11

What are the structural and behavioural adaptions of penguins?

Back 11

Structual: blubber, feather overlap (traps heat), small feet (reduce SA) and black feathers (absorbing heat)

Behavioural: Roll back onto heels, huddling in groups, movement

Front 12

What is counter heat exchange?

Back 12

Prevents loss of heat by causing the transfer of heat from warm blood, to cool blood reentering the core of the body.

Front 13

What mechanisms are used to warm up the body?

Back 13

Vasoconstriction, shivering and piloerection.

Front 14

What mechanisms cool down the body ?

Back 14

Sweating and vasodilation

Front 15

What are ectotherms?

Back 15

Ectotherms are cold blooded animals that rely on the external environment for temperature control.

Front 16

What are ectotherms advantages and disadvantages?

Back 16

Advantages: use less food in respiration, need to consume less food, can use more energy from food for growth

Disadvantages: Sluggish in cooler temperatures, have the need to hibernate, body temperature fluctuates.

Front 17

What are endotherms?

Back 17

Warm blooded animals that produce their own heat internally, through metabolic processes.

Front 18

What are the advantages and disadvantages of endotherms?

Back 18

Advantages: maintain constant body temperature, active in cold temperature and can inhabit cold climates

Disadvatages: lots of energy used to regulate body temperature, more food needed, less energy from food goes into growth

Front 19

What are auxins?

Back 19

Found at the tips of the roots, they are responsible for promoting cell growth and elongation.

Front 20

What are adaptions of mammals at high altitude?

Back 20

Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased red blood cell production and increased oxygen efficiency.

Front 21

What is the function of ADH?

Back 21

Anti-direutic hormone, promotes reabsorption of water from the the collecting tubule in the kidney.

Front 22

What are the steps in the negative feedback response?

Back 22

Stimulus, receptor, transmission of message, effector, response and negative feedback.

Front 23

Examples of positive feedback.

Back 23

Breast feeding and contractions during labour

Front 24

What is the role of the nervous system?

Back 24

It produces rapid responses in animals and consist of neurons

Front 25

What part of the brain is responsible for homeostasis?

Back 25

The hypothalamus

Front 26

What are the 5 types of receptors and what do they detect?

Back 26

Front 27

Define homeostasis.

Back 27

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the face of internal or external changes.

Front 28

What are some functions of the kidney?

Back 28

-Clean the blood of waste products

-Control how much water is kept in the body

- To excrete urine

Front 29

Where does majority of water reabsorption occur?

Back 29

The proximal convoluted tubule

Front 30

What are the steps of what occurs in the kidneys?

Back 30

1. Filtration

2. Reabsorb sugar

3. Reabsorb water

4. Excrete the waste

Front 31

What is a nephron?

Back 31

The functional unit of the kidney that consists of the renal corpuscle and renal tubule.