Biology Final Review

Front 1

what do you call any living thing?

Back 1

organism

Front 2

what does SPONCH stand for?

Back 2

elements that are essential for all living things

Front 3

name the elements in sponch

Back 3

sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

Front 4

what does form follows function mean?

Back 4

shape helps to perform it job most efficiently

Front 5

how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different

Back 5

p- no nucleus, no organelles, been around for 3.8 billion years

e- has a nucleus, has organelles, been around for 1 billion years

Front 6

what is the phospholipid bilayer?

Back 6

makes up cell membrane

Front 7

what two places in the cell have a phospholipids bilayer?

Back 7

cell membrane and nucleus

Front 8

what does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable

Back 8

only certain things can enter

Front 9

what is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back 9

passive transport- no energy

active transport- energy required to move materials

Front 10

what are the two types of passive transport?

Back 10

osmosis- movement of water

diffusion- movement of everything other than water

Front 11

passive transport goes __ with the concentration gradient. Materials flow from areas of __ concentration to areas of __ concentration until __ is reached.

Back 11

with, high, low, equilibrium

Front 12

what are the 5 types of active transport?

Back 12

exocytosis- moving materials out of cell

endocytosis- moving materials inside of cell

---phagocytosis: taking in solids (foods)

---pinocytosis: taking in liquids

---receptor mediated endocytosis: use receptors on cell to take in materials

Front 13

Active transport goes __ the concentration gradient. Materials flow from areas of __ concentration to __ concentration. __ is __ reached.

Back 13

against, low, high, equilibrium, never

Front 14

selectively permeable

Back 14

cell membrane

Front 15

largest organelle in the cell

Back 15

nucleus

Front 16

round dark spot in nucleus

Back 16

nucleolus

Front 17

surrounds the nucleus

Back 17

nuclear membrane/ envelope

Front 18

maze-like network fused to nucleus

Back 18

E.R.

Front 19

attached to E.R. and makes proteins

Back 19

ribosomes

Front 20

where are ribosomes found in the cell?

Back 20

cytoplasm or E.R.

Front 21

protein packaging plant for the cell

Back 21

golgi

Front 22

have digestive acids/ enzymes in a sac

Back 22

lysosome

Front 23

microtubules provide support and shape for the cell

Back 23

cytoskeleton

Front 24

have stacks called thylakoids

Back 24

chloroplast

Front 25

large organelle that makes energy for the cell

Back 25

mitochondria

Front 26

how are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar?

Back 26

-both produce energy or food to break down for energy

-have their own DNA

-mitochondria has infoldings to increase surface area and chloroplasts have stacks to increase surface area

Front 27

membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

Back 27

vacuole

Front 28

why is respiration the opposite of photosynthesis?

Back 28

people take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide while trees and plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen

Front 29

name 4 functions of proteins

Back 29

structural, enzymes, transport, antibodies, hormones, contractile

Front 30

what is the function of sensory receptors in your body?

Back 30

nerve cells sense pain/heat/etc. --- sends message to brain --- brain sends message to body to respond

Front 31

abiotic and biotic factors

Back 31

abiotic- nonliving

biotic- living or once living

Front 32

climax community

Back 32

end of succession, stability, biodiversity

Front 33

food webs

Back 33

arrows point to what is consuming prey/plants

ex: plants--> squirrels--> coyote

Front 34

nitrogen fixation

Back 34

org. cannot use pure nitrogen, bacteria adds oxygen to nitrogen so living org. can use it

Front 35

population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Back 35

population- 1 species in an area (squirrels)

community- all living org. in an area (plants, animals)

ecosystem- all living and nonliving things in an area (trees, rocks, climate)

biome- all similar ecosystems on Earth (rain forest, tundra)

biosphere- part of Earth where life is found

Front 36

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Back 36

mutualism- both org. benefit each other

commensalism- 1 benefits, 1 is unaffected

parasitism- 1 benefits, 1 is harmed

Front 37

autotrophs, heterotrophs, decomposers

Back 37

autotrophs- org. makes own food; photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

heterotrophs- consume or absorb food

decomposers- bacteria and fungi break down org. to release nutrients