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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Controlled Experiments |
A procedure performed in a controlled setting, in which only ONE factor is changed at a time, to test a hypothesis and collect precise data. |
0-2 x>0 x<2 |
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Independent variable |
ONE factor is being changed. |
Testing the effect of temperature, - on plant growth - is usually the independent variable!Δ |
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Dependent variable |
How the experiment responds to the effects of the independent variable. |
The effect of temperature on plant growth. |
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Proton |
Positive charge, located inside the nucleus. the number of protons in an atom determines what element it is. |
P equals P!!! |
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Neutron |
No charge, located inside the nucleus |
N equal N |
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Isotope |
I different number of neutrons and protons in an atom results in an isotope |
N first letter S second letter n 1st letter in neutrons s second letter in isotope |
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Electron |
Negative charge, located outside the nucleus. A different number of electrons and protons in an atom results in an ion. Sharing or donating of electrons between atoms results in a bond. |
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Ion |
An atom that has either of a negative a positive charge because it has lost or gained one or more electrons (if # of electrons > # of protons, negative charge, if # of electrons < # of protons, positive charge) |
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First major type of bond - covalent bond |
A type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
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Second major bond - ionic bond |
A type of chemical bond formed when atoms donates electrons another atom |
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Polar covalent bond |
Polar covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared unevenly between atoms |
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Structure of a nucleotide |
Five carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base |
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enzymes |
biological catalyst, usually proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. Enzymes have specially shaped active sites which bind to the substrate (the reactant). |
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ATP (Adenosinetriphosphate) |
Energy is released from ATP when the third phosphate group is removed. |
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Cells: Prokaryotic V. Eukaryotic cells |
Δ Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. ( bacteria, archaea) Δ Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. (Eukarya) |
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cilia, flagella, pseudopodia |
Celia: short and numerous, used for motility (motion) (paramecia) Flagella: long and less numerous, used for motility (Euglena) Pseudopodia (False feet): a temporary extension of the cytoplasm used for feeding and movement (Amoebas, White Blood Cells) |
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Membrane structure & function: |
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and is composed of a phospholipid by-layer. A phospholipid differs from a regular lipid in that one of its fatty acid tails is replaced with a phosphate group The membrane is arranged with the hydrophobic (water fearing) tails facing inwards, and the hydrophilic (water loving) heads facing outward. Because the membrane is selectively permeable only certain molecule can enter and leave: CAN: small, nonpolar molecules. CANNOT: large, or any size ion |
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Transport across the membrane: |
Diffusion: movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Osmosis: the diffusion of water. 3 osmotic states: Isotonic: same concentration of water and solute molecules on both sides of membrane. hypotonic: higher water concentration outside of the cell than inside. Hypertonic: Higher water concentration inside the cell than outside. Facilitated Diffusion: the diffusion of water molecules that cannot cross the membrane directly through transport proteins. Active Transport: the movement of molecules from low to high concentration. This process requires the cell to use energy. |
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