Biology: Chapter 5 Notes

Front 1

What is diffusion?

Back 1

Process by which molecules spread from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.

Front 2

What is the concentration gradient?

Back 2

Difference in concentration of substance across space.

Front 3

What is equilibrium in a cell?

Back 3

When a concentration is the same throughout a space.

Front 4

What do solutions try to do?

Back 4

Reach an equilibrium in a cell.

Front 5

What does permeable mean?

Back 5

Any substance can pass through.

Front 6

What does selectively permeable mean?

Back 6

Only certain materials are allowed in and out of cell.

Front 7

What is active transport?

Back 7

Transport where energy is used.

Front 8

What is passive transport?

Back 8

No energy being used to bring materials in & out of cells.

Front 9

What is osmosis?

Back 9

The process where water diffuses through the cell membrane from an area of greater concentration to lesser. {Passive Transport}

Front 10

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back 10

Many molecules of solution outside cell compare to inside cell. Water moves outwards.

Front 11

What is a hypotonic solution?

Back 11

Fewer molecules of solution outside cell than inside cell. Water moves inward.

Front 12

What is an isotonic solution?

Back 12

Equal concentration of molecules inside and outside cell. Water movement equal.

Front 13

In plants, what is the turgor pressure?

Back 13

The pressure force that causes the cytoplasm & cell membrane against the cell wall & the cell wall becomes rigid.

Front 14

In plants, what is plasmolysis?

Back 14

The condition where water leaves the cell, turgor pressure is lost & cell becomes limp.

Front 15

What is cytolysis?

Back 15

The cells takes in too much water, swells, & bursts.

Front 16

What is a contractile vacuole?

Back 16

An organelle that acts as a pump for excess water out of a unicellular organism so it can maintain a stable environment. Ex: Paramecium

Front 17

Does the contractile vacuole use the cell's energy?

Back 17

Yes, ATP is used.

Front 18

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back 18

Passive transport used for molecules that cannot diffuse rapidly through cell membrane. Ex: Particles not soluble in lipids.

Front 19

What are carrier proteins?

Back 19

They allow for the movement assisted by specific proteins within the membrane of all cells. Specific for one type of molecule.

Front 20

What are examples of carrier proteins?

Back 20

Glucose transported quickly by carrier molecules & amino acids cross for making proteins.

Front 21

What is an ion channel?

Back 21

Passive transport where ions are transported across membrane through small passageways. Some always open.

Front 22

What ions are ion channels specific for?

Back 22

Na+, Cl-, Ca++

Front 23

What do some Passive Transports do?

Back 23

They have "gates" that open & close the passageways due to electrical signals, chemicals, and the stretching of membrane.

Front 24

What do Active transports do?

Back 24

Moving from an area of lower concentration to higher that uses ATP.

Front 25

What are some active transports called?

Back 25

Pumps. Ex: Sodium potassium pump. Na+ replaced for K+.

Front 26

Why do these pumps work?

Back 26

ATP

Front 27

What is endocytosis?

Back 27

In cell processes. Ex: White Blood Cells

Front 28

What is exocytosis?

Back 28

Out of cell processes. Ex: Hormones.

Front 29

Where does active transport travel?

Back 29

Across concentration gradient.

Front 30

What does endocytosis bring across the membrane?

Back 30

Large particles and fluid.

Front 31

Is endocytosis active or passive?

Back 31

Active.

Front 32

What is a vesicle?

Back 32

A pouch formed when substances enclosed by cell folds around a substance and forms a vesicle.

Front 33

What is phagocystosis?

Back 33

Movement of large particles of whole cells.

Ex: Unicellular organisms & bacteria/viruses.

Front 34

What is an example of phagocytosis?

Back 34

White blood cells. Lysosomal enzymes that fuses with the vesicles that help destroy bacteria & viruses.

Front 35

What is pinocytosis?

Back 35

When fluids are accumulated by the cell membrane which surrounds the fluid & brings it in as a vesicle.

Front 36

What is the function of exocytosis?

Back 36

When a vesicle in cytoplam connects to the cell membrane & releases its contents outside cell environment. Ex: Release of proteins & release of hormones to other cells to control activity of others.