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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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What is DNA made up of
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nucleotides
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3 parts of nucleotides
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-5 Carbon sugar(ribose or deoxyribose)
-Phosphate Group -Nitrogenous Base (4 tyoes make up 4 types of nucleotides) |
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4 Types of Nitrogenous Bases in DNA
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Adenine(A)
Thymine(T) Cytosine(C) Guanine(G) |
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4 Types of Nitrogenous Bases in RNA
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-Adenine(A)
-Uracil(U) -Cytosine(C) -Guanine(G) same as in dna but uracil instead of thymine |
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What are the base pairs of DNA
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Adenine and Thynine (Uracil in RNA)
Cytosine and Guanine |
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What type of bonds hold the complementary bases together
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Hydrogen Bonds
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Structure of DNA?
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Double Helix
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What encodes the vast Amounts of Information.
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Order of the nucleotides
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How many rings do each of the nitrogenous bases have
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What is the backbone of DNA
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Sugar-Phosphates
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What is the size of one turn of DNA?
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3.4 nm
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What is the size of one nucleotide
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0.34 nm
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What is important for cell division & inheritance to work?
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It is important for DNA to be replicated accurately
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What affect how DNA is replicatd
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Specific base-pairing and the double-helix structure affect how DNA is replicated
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Howis DNA replicated?
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The double helix structure is unzipped then the new single strands are made to match the unzipped single strands. Following the rules of base pairing producing two identical daughter strands.
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What splits the Double helix in DNA replication?
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Enzymes
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What acts as a templat for making new DNA Strands?
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The old single strands
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What assembles the new strand of DNA?
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DNA polymerase enzyme assembles new single strand with sequence of bases that complements the original strand
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Where does the DNA replication begin
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specific sites known ads the origins of replication.
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Does DNA replication occur in one or two directions?
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2 Directions. Speeds up DNA replication
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Along each Template strand
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Replication goes in a specific direction
Makes new DNA strand in small pieces DNA ligase ties new pieces together |
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How often do DNA polymerase make mistakes?
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1 per 10,000 base pairs
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How is the error rate of DNA replication reduced?
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Enzymes use complementary DNA strand to repair damage
Excise mismatch & replace |
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Sources of DNA error
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Spontaneous Chemical degradation
Ultraviolet Radiation Aging |
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Errors as a result of relpication errors
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Mutations
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Mutations are rarely beneficial
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Sickle cell disease to fight malaria CTT sequence mutated to CAT sequence
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