Biology Aqa

Front 1

What is the function of a cell surface membrane?

Back 1

Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell.

Also has receptor Molecules on it which allows it to respond to chemicals like hormones

Front 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Back 2

Controls cells activities by controlling transcription of DNA. DNA contains instructions to make proteins. Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleolus makes ribosomes

Front 3

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

Back 3

Site of aerobic respiration where ATP produced

Front 4

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Back 4

Site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts happen in grana and other in stroma

Front 5

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back 5

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Makes lysosomes.

Front 6

What is the function of the Golgi vesicle?

Back 6

Stores lipids and proteins made by Golgi apparatus and transports them out of cell via cell surface membrane

Front 7

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Back 7

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes. These kept separate from cytoplasm by surrounding membrane and can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of cell

Front 8

What is the function of the SER?

Back 8

Synthesises and processes lipids

Front 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Back 9

Supports cell and prevents it from changing shape

Front 10

What is the function of the RER?

Back 10

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at ribosomes

Front 11

What is the function of the ribosome?

Back 11

Site where proteins made (protein synthesis)

Front 12

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

Back 12

Helps to maintain pressure inside cell and keep cell rigid. Stops plant wilting. Also involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals.

Front 13

Describe the cell surface membrane

Back 13

Found on surface of animal cells and just inside cell wall of other cells. Mainly made of lipids and proteins

Front 14

Describe the cell surface membrane

Back 14

Found on surface of animal cells and just inside cell wall of other cells. Mainly made of lipids and proteins

Front 15

Describe the cell wall

Back 15

Rigid structure that surrounds cell in plants algae and fungi. In plants and algae made mainly of carbohydrate cellulose. In fungi is made of chitin.

Front 16

Describe the cell vacuole

Back 16

A membrane bound organelle found in cytoplasm of plant cells. Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts. Surround membrane called a tonoplast

Front 17

Describe the nucleus

Back 17

Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains many pores. Contains chromosomes and one or more structures called a nucleolus

Front 18

Describe the mitochondrion

Back 18

Have a double membrane. Inner one folded up to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration

Front 19

Describe the choloroplast

Back 19

Found in plant and algal cells. Surrounded by a double membrane and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These membranes stacked up in some parts of chloroplast to form grana. Grana linked together by lamellae

Front 20

Describe the Golgi apparatus

Back 20

Group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs. Vesicles often seen at edges of sacs

Front 21

Describe the Golgi vesicle

Back 21

Small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus

Front 22

Describe the lysosome

Back 22

Round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure. A type of Golgi vesicle

Front 23

Describe the ribosome

Back 23

Very small organelle that either floats free in cytoplasm or is attached to RER. Made up of proteins and RNA. Not surrounded by a membrane

Front 24

Describe the RER

Back 24

System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface covered with ribosomes.

Front 25

Describe the SER

Back 25

Similar to RER but with no ribosomes

Front 26

What does the salivary gland do?

Back 26

Produces saliva which moistens the food and contains an enzyme

Front 27

What does the oesophagus do?

Back 27

Pushes food into stomach by process called peristalsis where the muscles contract and relax

Front 28

What does the stomach do?

Back 28

Churns the food and mixes it with enzymes in acidic conditions

Front 29

What does the liver do?

Back 29

Produces bile and stores carbohydrates (glycogen)

Front 30

What does the Gall bladder do?

Back 30

Stores bile

Front 31

What does the large intestine do?

Back 31

Absorbs water

Front 32

What are the alveoli ?

Back 32

Bunches of tiny air sacs inside lungs. Each individual sack called an alveolus. When you breathe in they fill with air

Front 33

List five features of an exchange surface

Back 33

-large SA to vol ratio

-very thin

-partially permeable

-movement of environmental medium

-movement of internal medium

Front 34

In what two places is amylase produced?

Back 34

Pancreas and salivary gland

Front 35

In what two places is amylase produced?

Back 35

Pancreas and salivary gland

Front 36

Where is Maltase produced?

Back 36

On epithelium of small intestine

Front 37

In what two places is amylase produced?

Back 37

Pancreas and salivary gland

Front 38

Where is Maltase produced?

Back 38

On epithelium of small intestine

Front 39

Why would concurrent flow not work in fish?

Back 39

Gas exchange would only occur at parts of Gill not entire length like in countercurrent