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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hierarchical structures(11) |
Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, populations, organism, organ system, organ, tissues, cells, organelle, molecule |
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biosphere |
consists of all life on earth and all places where life exists |
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ecosystem |
all living and nonliving things in a particular area |
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communities |
the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem |
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populations |
all the individuals of a species living in a community |
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organism |
each individual living thing |
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organ system |
a team of organs that work together in a larger function |
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organ |
a body part that carries out a particular function |
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tissues |
each tissue is a group of cells that work together performing a specific function |
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cells |
lifes fundamental unit of structure, all living things are made of one or more cells |
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organelle |
the various functional components of a cell |
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molecule |
a chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms |
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producers, |
photosynthetic organisms (autotrophs) , plants |
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primary consumers |
herbivores |
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secondary consumers |
carnivors and omnivores |
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decomposers |
bacteria, fungi, earthworms |
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heterotrophs |
herbivores, carnivorrs, omnivores, decomposers |
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properties of life (8) |
1. life is organized 2. maintains internal constancy 3. grows and developes 4. requires energy 5. responds to environment 6. reproduces- sexually or asexually 7. evolves and adapts 8. made of 1 or more cells |
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3 domains of life |
bacteria, archaea, eukarya |
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2 types of cells |
prokaryotic, eukaryotic |
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2 types of eukaryotic cells |
plant and animal |
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4 kingdoms of eukarya |
1. protists 2. plantae 3. fungi 4. animalia |
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discovery science |
Describes life at all its levels based on logic, inductive reasoning |
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hypthesis |
a proposed explanation for observations |
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theory |
explains great diversity of observations and supported by large and growing body of evidence |
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scientific study |
observations hypotheses experimental design method or data collection replicate results discussions conclusions limitations |
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method or data collection |
sample size variables independent dependent standardized control |
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independent variables |
changeable or can manipulate |
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dependent variables |
response obtained due to independent variable |
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standardized variable |
constant element |
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control |
separate experiment to compare..placebo, double blind |
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matter |
anything that occupies space consists of one or more elements |
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chemical element |
a pure substance that cannot be broken down |
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92 naturally occurring elements 25 synthetic elements |
organized on periodic table by dmitry medeleyev |
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macro elements-large amounts |
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulphur |
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micro elemtents- smaller amounts |
potassium-K calcium Iron-Fe Magnesium-Mg Sodium-Na Chlorine-Ch |
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trace elements-very, very small amounts |
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pieces of an atom |
protons + neutrons -/+ electrons - |
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atomic # |
# of protons |
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Ion |
atom that has gained or lost an electron |
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elements that give an electron become ___ ion |
positive |
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elements that gain an electron become __ion |
negetive |
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Mass # |
total # of protons and neutrons |
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isotopes |
atoms with same atomic # (protons) but different # of neutrons |
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atomic mass |
average mass of all isotopes of an element |
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radioactive isotopes |
emit energy when they break down into stable forms |
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half life |
the time it takes a nucleus to decay to a stable form |
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covalent bonds |
shared electrons-very strong |
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hydrogen bonds |
the noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen and electronegetive atom due to the partial positive around a hydrogen ion in a compound-weak |
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van der waal's |
nonpolar molecules may have slight -/+ charges, these partial charges can add up and be powerful |
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pH scale= acid or base or neutral |
the measure of the amount or concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
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an acid is a compound that donates H+ to solutions, thus has more H+ |
a base accepts or removes H+ in solution, thus has less H+ |
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main pH scale acid to base |
acid 1.6-1.8 stomach acid 3.0 cola, beer, wine, orange juice 5.0 coffee 7.0 pure water 10.0 soap 11.5 household ammonia 12.5 household bleach |
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properties of hydrogen bonds in water |
cohesive-stick together adhesive-bonds with other substances substances dissolve in water regulates temperature-evaporation participates in chemical reactions due to weak bond |
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hydrogen binds in water-3 states |
solid liquid gas |
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organic molecultes |
carbon based molecules |
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carbon has 4 outer elections in outermost shell instead of 8 |
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hydrocarbonds |
compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
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properties of carbon |
carbon skeleton; a chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule may be unbranched or branch have single, double, or triple bonds isomers |
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isomers |
compounds with some formula but different structures |
