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13 Cards in this Set
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Science organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. The goals of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions. |
Observation the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way. |
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Data The information gathered from observations Quantitative: expressed as numbers, obtained by counting or measuring. Qualitative: descriptive and involve characteristics that can't usually be counted |
Inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience. |
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Hypothesis a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. |
Spontaneous Generation Scholars of the day even gave a name to the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter |
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Controlled Experiment Whenever possible, a hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be kept unchanged, or controlled. |
Responding Variable The variable that is observed and that changes in response to the manipulated variable |
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Redi designed an experiment to determine what caused the sudden appearance of maggots. (flies land on meat that is uncovered) John Needham used an experiment involving animalcules to attack Redi's work. Spallanzanis experiment showed that microorganisms will not grow in boiled gravy that is left open to the air Pasteur's experiment showed that boiled broth would remain free of microorganisms even if air was allowed in, as long as dust and other particles were kept out. |
Theory As evidence from numerous investigation builds up, a particular hypothesis may become so well supported that scientists consider it a theory. In Science, the word theory applies to a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. |
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Characteristics of Living Things: are made up of units called cells reproduce are based on a universal genetic code grow and develop obtain and use materials and energy respond to their environment maintain a stable internal environment taken as a group, they change over time |
Cell is the smalls hit of an organism that can be considered alive |
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Homeostasis Although conditions outside an organism may change dramatically, most organisms need to keep conditions inside their bodies as constant as possible. |
Stimuli Organisms detect and respond to stimuli form their environment. A stimulus is a signal to which and organism responds |
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Sexual Reproduction cells from two different parents unite to form the first cell of the new organism. |
Asexual Reproduction a single parent produces offspring that are identical to itself |
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Metabolism The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials |
Some of the levels at which life can be studied include molecules, cells, organisms, populations of single kind of organism, communities of different organisms in an area, and the bioshpere. At all these levels, smaller living systems are found within larger systems. |
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Levels of Organization Biosphere- The part of earth that contains all ecosystems Ecosystem- Community and its nonliving surroundings Community- populations that live together in a defined area Population- Group of organisms of one type that lie in the same area. Organsim- individual living thing Group of Cells- Tissues, organs, and organ systems Cells- Smallest functional unit of life Molecules- Groups of atoms: smallest unit of most chemical compounds. |
Metric System a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10 Most scientists use the metric system when collecting data and performing experiments |
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Microscopes devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye. Light microscopes produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays. Electron microscopes produce magnified images focusing on beams of electrons |
Compound Light Microscopes allow light to pass through the specimen and us two lenses to form an image |
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Electron Microscopes use beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images. 2 main types Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) |
Cell Culture The cell is able to reproduce so that a group of cells develops from the single original cell. |
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Cell Fractionation to separate the different cell parts. |
Biology is the science that employs the scientific method to study living things |
