Biology 11 Exam Review: Arthropods & Echinoderms

Front 1

Insect Characteristics

Back 1

~ Most have the same general body plan, specialized mouth parts for feeding and a unique lifecycle and the ability to fly.

~ Thorax is composed of 3 fused segments with three pairs of jointed walking legs attached

~ Most have specialized mouthparts called a mandible

~ Types of feeding vary from sucking blood, chewing seeds or wood and sucking nectar from flowers.

Front 2

Insects: Adaptions For Flight

Back 2

~ They have light weight bodies, wings and strong muscles to power flight

~ Insects were the first animals to have wings

~ Flying insects were able to reach previously inaccessible food sources and to escape from danger

~ Wings develop from saclike outgrowths of the body wall of the thorax

~ Most insects have two pairs of wings

Front 3

Insect Life Cycle

Back 3

~ Undergo metamorphosis

~ Almost all undergo complete

Front 4

Social Insects

Back 4

~ elaborate social systems involving specialization of labor, parental care and communication

~ The role that an individual plays is a caste

~ Caste is determined by diet, hormones, and pheromones

~ Social insects include honeybees, termites and ants

~ Bees have a queen, workers and drone males

~ Termites have a king, queen and workers

Front 5

Centipedes & Milipedes

Back 5

~ Known as Myriapods which means "many footed"

~ They are not considered insects

~ Each myriapod has a head region and many similar segments

~ Centipedes have one pair of legs per segment and millipedes usually have two pairs of legs per segment.

Front 6

Arthropod Characteristics

Back 6

~ distinguished by having a segmented body, jointed appendages, and a hard external skeleton (exoskeleton)

Front 7

Arthropod Characteristics: Segmented Bodies

Back 7

~ Head, Thorax and Abdomen

~ Some Arthropods such as crabs have a head that is fuses with the thorax (called cephalothorax)

Front 8

Arthropod Characteristics: Jointed Appendages

Back 8

~ An appendage is a structure that expends from the Arthropods body wall

~ unlike the parapodia and setae of annelids, Arthropods have appendages that bend

~ Arthropod mean "jointed foot"

Front 9

Arthropod Characteristics

Back 9

~ distinguished by having a segmented body, jointed appendages, and a hard external skeleton (exoskeleton)

Front 10

Arthropod Characteristics: Segmented Bodies

Back 10

~ Head, Thorax and Abdomen

~ Some Arthropods such as crabs have a head that is fuses with the thorax (called cephalothorax)

Front 11

Arthropod Characteristics: Jointed Appendages

Back 11

~ An appendage is a structure that expends from the Arthropods body wall

~ unlike the parapodia and setae of annelids, Arthropods have appendages that bend

~ Arthropod mean "jointed foot"

Front 12

Arthropod Characteristics: Exoskeleton

Back 12

~ rigid outer layer of the body

~ composed primarily of the carbohydrate Chitin

~ provides protection against predators and helps prevent against water loss

~ it does not grow, anthropods shed their exoskeleton and form a new one (molting)

Front 13

Examples Of Class Insecta

Back 13

Stink bug, praying mantis, termite, ant, centipede, millipede

Front 14

Arthropod Characteristics: Respiration & Circulation

Back 14

~ many land Arthropods breathe through a network of fine tubes called trachea.

~ other land Arthropods breathe through book lungs

~ most aquatic Arthropods breathe through gills

~ circulation is open

Front 15

Arthropod Characteristics

Back 15

~ distinguished by having a segmented body, jointed appendages, and a hard external skeleton (exoskeleton)

Front 16

Arthropod Characteristics: Segmented Bodies

Back 16

~ Head, Thorax and Abdomen

~ Some Arthropods such as crabs have a head that is fuses with the thorax (called cephalothorax)

Front 17

Arthropod Characteristics: Jointed Appendages

Back 17

~ An appendage is a structure that expends from the Arthropods body wall

~ unlike the parapodia and setae of annelids, Arthropods have appendages that bend

~ Arthropod mean "jointed foot"

Front 18

Arthropod Characteristics: Exoskeleton

Back 18

~ rigid outer layer of the body

~ composed primarily of the carbohydrate Chitin

~ provides protection against predators and helps prevent against water loss

~ it does not grow, anthropods shed their exoskeleton and form a new one (molting)

Front 19

Examples Of Class Insecta

Back 19

Stink bug, praying mantis, termite, ant, centipede, millipede

Front 20

Arthropod Characteristics: Respiration & Circulation

Back 20

~ many land Arthropods breathe through a network of fine tubes called trachea.

~ other land Arthropods breathe through book lungs

~ most aquatic Arthropods breathe through gills

~ circulation is open

Front 21

Arthropod Characteristics: Feeding, Digestion and Excretion

Back 21

~ different arthropod groups have varied mouthparts and other appendages

~ the intestinal tract extends from the mouth to the Amy's and contains structures specialized for storage,

Mechanical and chemical digestion, nutrient absorption and elimination of digestive wastes

~ excretory system is composed of Malpighan tubules (must be capitalized)

Front 22

Arthropod Characteristics

Back 22

~ distinguished by having a segmented body, jointed appendages, and a hard external skeleton (exoskeleton)

Front 23

Arthropod Characteristics: Segmented Bodies

Back 23

~ Head, Thorax and Abdomen

~ Some Arthropods such as crabs have a head that is fuses with the thorax (called cephalothorax)

Front 24

Arthropod Characteristics: Jointed Appendages

Back 24

~ An appendage is a structure that expends from the Arthropods body wall

~ unlike the parapodia and setae of annelids, Arthropods have appendages that bend

~ Arthropod mean "jointed foot"

Front 25

Arthropod Characteristics: Exoskeleton

Back 25

~ rigid outer layer of the body

~ composed primarily of the carbohydrate Chitin

~ provides protection against predators and helps prevent against water loss

~ it does not grow, anthropods shed their exoskeleton and form a new one (molting)

Front 26

Examples Of Class Insecta

Back 26

Stink bug, praying mantis, termite, ant, centipede, millipede

Front 27

Arthropod Characteristics: Respiration & Circulation

Back 27

~ many land Arthropods breathe through a network of fine tubes called trachea.

~ other land Arthropods breathe through book lungs

~ most aquatic Arthropods breathe through gills

~ circulation is open

Front 28

Arthropod Characteristics: Feeding, Digestion and Excretion

Back 28

~ different arthropod groups have varied mouthparts and other appendages

~ the intestinal tract extends from the mouth to the Amy's and contains structures specialized for storage,

Mechanical and chemical digestion, nutrient absorption and elimination of digestive wastes

~ excretory system is composed of Malpighan tubules (must be capitalized)

Front 29

Arthropod Characteristics: Compound Eyes

Back 29

~ many have eyes composed of 1000s of individual visual units or lenses

~ brain receives input from these units and then composed an image of the object

~ eye is good at detecting movement

Front 30

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 30

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 31

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 31

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 32

Molting

Back 32

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 33

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 33

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 34

Molting

Back 34

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 35

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 35

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 36

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 36

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 37

Molting

Back 37

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 38

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 38

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 39

Groups Of Arthropods

Back 39

~ Four main subphyla:

1. Hexapoda (insects)

2. Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)

3. Crustacea ( Lobsters & Shrimps)

4. Chelicerata ( Spiders, Scropions, mites and ticks)

~ living Arthropods are divided into two groups: with jaws ( other subphyla) and with fangs or pincers (chelicerata)

~ total number of Arthropods exceeded number of all other animals combine

~ Exoskeleton is adapted to life on land, they are small and show a wind range of specialization in food and habitats.

Front 40

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 40

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 41

Molting

Back 41

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 42

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 42

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 43

Groups Of Arthropods

Back 43

~ Four main subphyla:

1. Hexapoda (insects)

2. Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)

3. Crustacea ( Lobsters & Shrimps)

4. Chelicerata ( Spiders, Scropions, mites and ticks)

~ living Arthropods are divided into two groups: with jaws ( other subphyla) and with fangs or pincers (chelicerata)

~ total number of Arthropods exceeded number of all other animals combine

~ Exoskeleton is adapted to life on land, they are small and show a wind range of specialization in food and habitats.

Front 44

Complete Metamorphasis

Back 44

~ A drastic change in form

~ 3 stages of development

~ insect has completely different form at each stage of development

Front 45

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 45

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 46

Molting

Back 46

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 47

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 47

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 48

Groups Of Arthropods

Back 48

~ Four main subphyla:

1. Hexapoda (insects)

2. Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)

3. Crustacea ( Lobsters & Shrimps)

4. Chelicerata ( Spiders, Scropions, mites and ticks)

~ living Arthropods are divided into two groups: with jaws ( other subphyla) and with fangs or pincers (chelicerata)

~ total number of Arthropods exceeded number of all other animals combine

~ Exoskeleton is adapted to life on land, they are small and show a wind range of specialization in food and habitats.

Front 49

Complete Metamorphasis

Back 49

~ A drastic change in form

~ 3 stages of development

~ insect has completely different form at each stage of development

Front 50

Complete Metmorphasis: Larva Stage

Back 50

~ "wormlike"

~ immature, feeding stage

~ ex. caterpillars

Front 51

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 51

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 52

Molting

Back 52

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 53

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 53

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 54

Groups Of Arthropods

Back 54

~ Four main subphyla:

1. Hexapoda (insects)

2. Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)

3. Crustacea ( Lobsters & Shrimps)

4. Chelicerata ( Spiders, Scropions, mites and ticks)

~ living Arthropods are divided into two groups: with jaws ( other subphyla) and with fangs or pincers (chelicerata)

~ total number of Arthropods exceeded number of all other animals combine

~ Exoskeleton is adapted to life on land, they are small and show a wind range of specialization in food and habitats.

Front 55

Complete Metamorphasis

Back 55

~ A drastic change in form

~ 3 stages of development

~ insect has completely different form at each stage of development

Front 56

Complete Metmorphasis: Larva Stage

Back 56

~ "wormlike"

~ immature, feeding stage

~ ex. caterpillars

Front 57

Complete Metamorphosis: Puple Stage

Back 57

~ Chrysalis

~ non feeding; inactive

~ Morphologically distinct, non-feeding stage

~ often protected by a cocoon over winter in this stage

Front 58

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 58

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 59

Molting

Back 59

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 60

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 60

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 61

Groups Of Arthropods

Back 61

~ Four main subphyla:

1. Hexapoda (insects)

2. Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)

3. Crustacea ( Lobsters & Shrimps)

4. Chelicerata ( Spiders, Scropions, mites and ticks)

~ living Arthropods are divided into two groups: with jaws ( other subphyla) and with fangs or pincers (chelicerata)

~ total number of Arthropods exceeded number of all other animals combine

~ Exoskeleton is adapted to life on land, they are small and show a wind range of specialization in food and habitats.

Front 62

Complete Metamorphasis

Back 62

~ A drastic change in form

~ 3 stages of development

~ insect has completely different form at each stage of development

~ Ex. Butterfly

Front 63

Complete Metmorphasis: Larva Stage

Back 63

~ "wormlike"

~ immature, feeding stage

~ ex. caterpillars

Front 64

Complete Metamorphosis: Puple Stage

Back 64

~ Chrysalis

~ non feeding; inactive

~ Morphologically distinct, non-feeding stage

~ often protected by a cocoon over winter in this stage

Front 65

Complete Metamorphosis: Adult Stage

Back 65

~ final stage produced as the pupa undergoes extensive reorganization both Internally and externally

Front 66

Larval & Adult forms are usually...

Back 66

~ Different in body forms

~ Live in different habitats

~ Consume different foods

~ Have different lifestyles or different niches

Front 67

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Back 67

~ A gradual change in form

~ Ex. Grasshopper and Dragonfly

Front 68

Incomplete Metamorphosis: Nymph Stage Or Naiad Stage

Back 68

~ Nymph Stage (Terrestrial)

- Example: Grasshopper

~ Naiad Stage (Aquatic)

- Example: Dragonfly

~ Immature stage that looks similar to the adult but much smaller

~ Lacks sexually functioning body parts at this stage

~ Insects get larger with each successive molt

Front 69

Incomplete Metamorphosis: Adult Stage

Back 69

~ Sexually mature

Front 70

Complete Metamorphosis Diagram

Back 70

Front 71

Incomplete Metamorphosis Diagram

Back 71

Front 72

Subphylum Uniramia

Back 72

~ One pair of antennae

~ Appendages that do not branch

~ inhabit almost every terrestrial habitat on Earth

~ Some fresh water and others in marine habitats

Front 73

Class Diplopoda; Uniramians

Back 73

~ Round body

~ Segmented body

~ Two pairs of legs per segment

~ Also known as myriapods

~ " Thousand " feet

~ Example: Millipedes

Front 74

Class Chilopoda; Uniramians

Back 74

~ Flattened body

~ Segmented body

~ One pair of legs per segment

~ Myriapods

~ "Hundred" feet

~ Example: Centipedes

~ Poisonous

Front 75

Class Crustacea; Crustacea

Back 75

~ Hard

~ Flexible exoskeleton

~ Gills

~ Branched anttenae

~ Two body sections: abdomen, cephalothorax

~ Mostly aquatic

~ Example: Crayfish, Lobster, Barnacles, Crab, Pill Bugs

Front 76

Ant Diagram

Back 76

Front 77

Waggle Dance

Back 77

~ Bees do it

~ Means far food source > 50 metres

Front 78

Round Dance

Back 78

~ Bees do it

~ Means nearby food source < 50 metres

Front 79

Mandibles

Back 79

Chewing/ biting jaws

Front 80

Queen Bee/ Worker Bees

Back 80

The Queen secretes "royal jelly" which is a pheremone which prevents other female forms from becoming queen and keeps them as workers

Front 81

Pheremone and Cricket Chirps

Back 81

Used to attack a mate

Front 82

Insect Society, Caste

Back 82

Insects have a predetermined destiny to be either a queen, worker, drone, etc. in social insects

Front 83

Class Arachnida; Chelicerata

Back 83

~ Two body sections: abdomen, cephalothorax

~ No antenna

~ four pairs of legs

~ Subphylum chelicerata

~ Pedipalps

~ Spinnerets

~ Example: Spiders, Scorpion

Front 84

Class Insecta; Uniramians

Back 84

~ Three body sections

~ One pair of antenna (unbranched)

~ Three pairs of legs

~ mandibles

~ Example: Dragonfly and Grasshopper

Front 85

Positive and Negative effects of arthropods on humans

Back 85

~ Positive: Agriculture, food products like honey, silkworms make silk, food source to some, prey upon other harmful species, chemicals, science advancements, can prevent spoilage, chiton used for surgical stitches, spider webs for kevlair

~ Negative: Can cause damage to other animals and crops, inflict annoying bites or harmful diseases, termites cause damage to wood, must spend large sums of money on dangerous chemicals to save crops

Front 86

Echinoderm Characteristics

Back 86

~ All adult echinoderms have an internal skeleton, 5 part body, radial symmetry, a water vascular system and the ability to breathe through their skin.

~ Echinoderms are recognized by the spires that project their internal skeleton through their outer covering.

~ Echinoderm means "spiny skinned"

Front 87

Echinoderm Characteristics: Endoskeleton

Back 87

~ Have a calcium rich endoskeleton that is composed of individual plates called ossicles

~ In most echinoderms, the plates of the endoskeleton bear spines that project outward through the skin.

Front 88

Echinoderm Characteristics: Five Part Radial Symmetry

Back 88

~ Have a 5 part body plan with arms that radiate from a central point

~ the number of arms can vary

~ Echinoderms have no head or brain

~ Their nervous system consists of a central ring of nerves called the ring canal, with branches extending into each of the arms

Front 89

Echinoderm Characteristics: Water Vascular System

Back 89

~ Echinoderms have a water-filled system of interconnected canals with 1000s of tiny, hollow tube feet

~ The tube feet are tiny legs that can be used to move, grip surfaces or manipulate objects.

~ Gas exchange and water excretion also takes place through the thin wall of the tube feet

Front 90

Echinoderm Characteristics: Respiration and Circulation

Back 90

~ The body cavity or coelom function as a simple circulatory and respiratory system as particles and respiratory gases move freely throughout the large, fluid-filled coelom

~ Many echinoderms have skin gills that aid with respiration and water removal

~ The skin gills create a larger surface area through which respiratory gases can be exchanged

Front 91

Skin Gills

Back 91

Small fingerlike projections that grow among the echinoderm's spines

Front 92

Echinodermata; Class Asteroidea

Back 92

~ Sea Star

~ Radial Symmetry

~ 5 Part Body Plan

~ Distinguishing Features: Length of arms determines how the animal eats

Front 93

Echinodermata; Class Ophiuroidea

Back 93

~ Brittle Stars, Basket Stars

~ Radial Symmetry

~ 5 Part Body Plan

~ Distinguishing Features: Long, thin arms, small central disc; suckers feet

Front 94

Echinodermata; Class Crinoidea

Back 94

~ Sea Lilies and Feather Stars

~ Radial Symmetry

~ 5 Part Body Plan

~ Distinguishing Features: Almost Sessile; mouth is on the dorsal side

Front 95

Echinodermata; Class Echinoidea

Back 95

~ Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars

~ Radial Symmetry

~ Spherical; Disc shaped

~ Distinguishing Features: Large spines, used for protection

Front 96

Echinodermata; Class Holothuroidea

Back 96

~ Sea Cucumbers

~ Radial Symmetry

~ 5 strips of muscles

~ Distinguishing Features: Tentacle like tube feet surrounding a mouth can eject digestive system

Front 97

Main Difference Between Sea Stars, Brittle Stars and Basket Stars

Back 97

~ Sea stars have thick arms which brittle stars and basket stars ace long, slender arms that radiate from a central disc and they may be branched

Front 98

How does the ability to move differ in the sea lily and the feather star?

Back 98

~ The sea lily is permanently sessile while the feather stars can break away from their stalks and swim freely

Front 99

How do sea urchins use their spines?

Back 99

Sea urchin use their spines for defence from predators and for movement in association with tube feet

Front 100

How do sea cucumbers defend themselves?

Back 100

They shoot long, sticky threads which can inflate and are poisonous to some predators. The threads distract the predator so they can get away. They can be brightly coloured or patterned to indicate that the are bad tasting.

Front 101

Overview Of Echinoderms

Back 101

~ Have bilateral symmetry as larva

~ Have radial symmetry as adults

~ Live only in marine environments

~ Have an endoskeleton (made of calcium)

~ Are multicellular

~ Lack a backbone

~ Are Deuterstomes

~ Have spiny skin

~ Have a water vascular system

~ A sea star is an exam

~ Are distantly related to chordates

~ Have fewer systems than anthropods

Front 102

How are echinoderms simpler in structure than arthropods and other invertebrates?

Back 102

~ They have bilateral symmetry and do not exhibit cephalization as they have no brain and do not have a central nervous system

~ They also have very few organ systems

Front 103

Evolutionary Relationship between Echinoderms and Chordates

Back 103

Based on fossils, deutersomes evolved from protostomes more than 600 million years ago and echinoderms and chordates diverged from each other 500 million years ago.

Front 104

What evidence suggests to scientists that deuterostomes evolved from protostomes

Back 104

Fossils

Front 105

Water Vascular System

Back 105

~ Water enters through the madreporite

~ Water passes into the ring canal + into the radial arms (radial canal)

~ the ampulla forces H2O through the canal + works with the muscle contractions to move the starfish

Front 106

Starfish Regeneration

Back 106

~ Regeneration happens only if the body part contains the central disc

Front 107

Arrangement of the body organs of a sea star

Back 107

~ Radial symmetry with body organs repeated in each arm of the sea star

Front 108

Sea Star Anatomy

Back 108

Front 109

Sea Star Internal Nerve Anatomy

Back 109

Front 110

Arthropod Life Cycle

Back 110

~ most reproduce only sexually

~ some can produce offspring from Unfertilized eggs

~ eggs are usually laid outside of the female body and when hatched, will recieve no parental care

Front 111

Molting

Back 111

~ Since the exoskeleton does not grow it must be shed and they must grow a new one

~ allows Arthropods to grow a larger body

Front 112

Examples Of Arthropods

Back 112

Lobster, Crayfish, Tick, House Fly, Scorpion, Horseshoe Crab "living fossil", Milipede, Honeybee, Centipede, Spider, Larva or Butterfly

Front 113

Groups Of Arthropods

Back 113

~ Four main subphyla:

1. Hexapoda (insects)

2. Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)

3. Crustacea ( Lobsters & Shrimps)

4. Chelicerata ( Spiders, Scropions, mites and ticks)

~ living Arthropods are divided into two groups: with jaws ( other subphyla) and with fangs or pincers (chelicerata)

~ total number of Arthropods exceeded number of all other animals combine

~ Exoskeleton is adapted to life on land, they are small and show a wind range of specialization in food and habitats.

Front 114

Complete Metamorphasis

Back 114

~ A drastic change in form

~ 3 stages of development

~ insect has completely different form at each stage of development

Front 115

Complete Metmorphasis: Larva Stage

Back 115

~ "wormlike"

~ immature, feeding stage

~ ex. caterpillars

Front 116

Complete Metamorphosis: Puple Stage

Back 116

~ Chrysalis

~ non feeding; inactive

~ Morphologically distinct, non-feeding stage

~ often protected by a cocoon over winter in this stage

Front 117

Complete Metamorphosis: Adult Stage

Back 117

~ final stage produced as the pupa undergoes extensive reorganization both Internally and externally

Front 118

Larval and adult forms differ

Back 118

Dg