Bio Final Errrrrthang

Front 1

In the last stage of aerobic respiration,____ is the final acceptor of electrons that originally resided in glucose.

Back 1

oxygen

Front 2

In alcoholic fermentation,____ is the final acceptor of the electrons stripped from glucose.

Back 2

acetalaldehyde

Front 3

Glycolysis reactions start and end where?

Back 3

cytoplasm

Front 4

So to speak, the ship of the desert (camels) sails (depends) on_____?

Back 4

metabolic water

Front 5

When molecules are broken apart in respiration____.

Back 5

the energy released in respiration is channeled/used into making ATP

Front 6

Which of the following has the most energy?

Back 6

glucose

Front 7

The most widely used source of chemical energy for most animals and also humans is____.

Back 7

carbohydrates

Front 8

Glycolysis depends upon a continuous supply of____.

Back 8

NAD+

Front 9

Sour cream and sour milk are produced by bacteria that form____ anaerobically.

Back 9

acetalaldehyde

Front 10

The Krebs Cycle CANNOT take place in cells that lack ____.

Back 10

mitochondria

Front 11

To break down a glucose molecule completely to CO2 and H2O requires how many passes/turns through the Krebs Cycle?

Back 11

2

Front 12

The first compound produced in the Krebs cycle is____, where as the last compound produced in the Krebs cycle is____.

Back 12

citrate, oxaloacetic acid

Front 13

Animals that live where there is no oxygen and rely on glycolysis (such as parasitic worms, tapeworms) must have ____ to survive.

Back 13

lots of sugar for making ATP

Front 14

The compound that is produced by yeasts that causes bread to rise is____.

Back 14

carbon dioxide

Front 15

Enzymes lower the reaction energy between two molecules so they can react more easily. T/F?

Back 15

true

Front 16

Loss of heat energy occurs in essentially all chemical reactions. T/F?

Back 16

true

Front 17

Only sugar, not amino acids or lipids, can net two ATPs by glycolysis. T/F?

Back 17

true

Front 18

During aerobic metabolism via glycolysis and Kreb's cycle, how many (NET) NADs and FADs are reduced, respectively?

Back 18

12,1

Front 19

Metabolizing lipids/fats is associated with aerobic exercise, but not anaerobic exercise. T/F?

Back 19

true

Front 20

Animals like gerbils live in the desert would be wise to eat as many___ containing seeds as possible because it produces more___.

Back 20

fat, water

Front 21

If hydrogens and electrons enter the electron transport chain at FAD/FMN___ or NAD____, how many ATPs are produced from each site?

Back 21

1,3

Front 22

The enzymes of glycolysis occur in the ____, while those of Kreb's cycle occur in the ____.

Back 22

cytosol, mitochondria

Front 23

For amino acids to be used for energy, they must first lose the nitrogen/amino group. T/F?

Back 23

true

Front 24

If oxygen is present, each turn of the Kreb's cycle will produce____ ATPs.

Back 24

12

Front 25

Some amino acids can be converted into____.

Back 25

-pyruvic acid
-acetyl-CoA
-alpha-ketoglutaric acid
-oxaloacetic acid

Front 26

Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen and will burn only carbohydrates and proteins, but NOT fats.

Back 26

false

Front 27

Electrons and hyrdrogens start out in a high chemical energy state and gradually release their chemical energy, which is used to form ATP. T/F?

Back 27

true

Front 28

Catabolism refers to glycolysis and Kreb's cycle, while anabolism would refer to protein and starch synthesis as examples. T/F?

Back 28

true

Front 29

Reduced compounds have more chemical energy than do oxidized compounds. T/F?

Back 29

true

Front 30

Where or in which reaction is glucose split in half___?

Back 30

PGAL (phosphoglycheraldehyde)

Front 31

Glycolysis is rare in all animal cells. T/F?

Back 31

false

Front 32

Where or in which reaction is ATP FIRST used to "jump start" glycolysis?

Back 32

glucose-6-phosphate

Front 33

Going from Glucose-->glucose-6-phosphate--->fructose-6-phosphate-->fructose-1,6-diphosphate---->PGAL---->pyruvic acid results in the production of a NET of____ ATPs and ____ NADHs.

Back 33

2,2

Front 34

The reaction in glycolysis of phosphoenolpyruvic---->pyruvic acid results in the production of____.

Back 34

1 ATP

Front 35

Glycerol from fats can be made into carbohydrates, but fatty usually CANNOT be made into carbohydrates. T/F?

Back 35

true

Front 36

Excess carbohydrates, such as eating two cakes and a pie each day, will be _____.

Back 36

stored as fat

Front 37

All the different kinds of plant sugars can be used for energy by first being converted to ____.

Back 37

glucose

Front 38

During the cell cycle the two organelles, other than the nucleus, that have the ability to divide would be ____ and____?

Back 38

chloroplasts, mitochondria

Front 39

Fatty acids from dietary or stored fat cannot be converted to____.

Back 39

proteins

Front 40

When the chromosomes are lined up in a row with the members of homologous pairs side by side (synapsed) rather than in different places along the equator, this stage would be____ of ____?

Back 40

first metaphase, meiosis

Front 41

When the chromosomes are migrating to opposite poles of the cell, this phase is called?

Back 41

anaphase

Front 42

DNA is lined up along the equator during:

Back 42

metaphase

Front 43

In telophase of mitosis each chromosome consists of a single chromatid that will become a new chromosome. T/F?

Back 43

true

Front 44

Cytokinesis or cytoplasmic division always occurs along with or shortly after telophase of mitosis. T/F?

Back 44

true

Front 45

Synapses is first noted and occurs during the first prophase of meiosis. T/F?

Back 45

true

Front 46

In man, the cells produced by meiotic divisions typically develop into gametes or sex cells. T/F?

Back 46

true

Front 47

During the cell cycle, replication/duplication of the genetic material (DNA) takes place during which stage?

Back 47

S1 stage

Front 48

How many chromatids would you expect to find in a cell whose diploid chromosome number is 10 at that stage in the mitotic cycle when the nuclear membrane disappears?

Back 48

20

Front 49

Spindle fibers are microtubular structures that function in the separation/migration of chromatids to opposite poles. T/F?

Back 49

true

Front 50

The stage of mitosis in which a new nuclear membrane forms and the nucleolus reappears is called:

Back 50

telophase

Front 51

When one chromosome (DNA) replicates or duplicates itself to form two identical chromatids, and these two identical chromatids then migrate together to one end of the cell. This is called?

Back 51

reduction division

Front 52

The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis are: prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. T/F?

Back 52

false

Front 53

After a cell divides into two new cells, organelles for the new cells are made during what phase of the cell cycle?

Back 53

interphase

Front 54

When the chromosomes are moving (migrating) to opposite poles of the cell, this phase is called:

Back 54

anaphase

Front 55

Identical twins have the same genetic info and should be identical in every way. T/F?

Back 55

true

Front 56

In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids detach from one another, pull apart and become visibly distinct chromosomes?

Back 56

anaphase

Front 57

The chromosome count of a haploid human sperm cell is___?

Back 57

half that of a diploid kidney cell

Front 58

When mitosis of a single-celled organism results in two completely separate and independent daughter cells, the process is called:

Back 58

asexual reproduction

Front 59

In humans, each diploid oocyte gives rise to___?

Back 59

one ovum and three polar bodies

Front 60

An animal cell having two rather than one of each type of chromosome has a____ chromosome number.

Back 60

diploid

Front 61

After mitosis, the chromosome number of a new daughter cell is____ parent cell.

Back 61

the same as

Front 62

Proteins that form little spools on which the chromosomal DNA is wound are called:

Back 62

histones

Front 63

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during:

Back 63

cytokinesis

Front 64

G1, G2, and S are the three stages of____that of its parent cell.

Back 64

interphase

Front 65

In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated?

Back 65

interphase

Front 66

How many pairs of homologous pairs of chromosomes will a liver or kidney cell from a human contain?

Back 66

none of these correct

Front 67

What is the sequence of bases on the complementary DNA strand to this I-DNA strand (3' ATCCTTCAGCCT 5')?

Back 67

TAGGAAGTCGGA

Front 68

What is the sequence of bases on the strand of mRNA that is synthesized from the I-DNA strand?

Back 68

UAGGAAGUCGGA

Front 69

Name the organelle where the synthesis of mRNA takes place.

Back 69

ribosome

Front 70

What is the anticodon on the tRNA for the (1st) codon on mRNA transcribed from this segment of DNA (TAGGAAGUTCGGA)?

Back 70

UAG

Front 71

Name the organelle where the codon and anticodon couplings take place.

Back 71

ribosome

Front 72

____ is coiled in a double helix.

Back 72

DNA

Front 73

____ contains thymine.

Back 73

DNA

Front 74

____ contains cytosine.

Back 74

DNA and RNA

Front 75

____ contains uracil.

Back 75

RNA

Front 76

___ brings amino acids to the ribosome.

Back 76

TRNA

Front 77

___ is present in the ribosome.

Back 77

ribosomal RNA

Front 78

___ is involved in transcription.

Back 78

DNA polymerase

Front 79

___ is involved in translation.

Back 79

RNA polymerase

Front 80

A certain gene codes for a polypeptide that is 126 amino acids long. The portion of the gene that codes for this polypeptide is probably how many nucleotides long?

Back 80

378

Front 81

How many possible codes are there from the universal genetic code of three bases?

Back 81

64

Front 82

The enzyme that put an amino acid on a TRNA is called DNA synthetase. T/F?

Back 82

false

Front 83

Helicase opens up the DNA molecule, while DNA polymerase hooks nucleotides together on the new forming chain. T/F?

Back 83

true

Front 84

Chlorophyll is located in thylakoids of the mitochondria. T/F?

Back 84

false

Front 85

Cells that have chloroplasts, cell walls and a large vacuole would be called ____ cells?

Back 85

plant

Front 86

Which correctly indicates the sequence of increasing organization of living organisms?

Back 86

cell,tissue,organ,organ system

Front 87

The smallest unit of life is the ____.

Back 87

cell

Front 88

Living things differ from non-living things by having which of the following characteristics?

Back 88

adaptability and assimilation

Front 89

That reactions go from useable energy to non-useable energy (heat), or to more random, or more entropy, or things run down hill, or *No free lunch law are all statements that apply to the____ law of thermodynamics.

Back 89

second

Front 90

Because carbon can share___electrons it can form millions of carbon compounds-proteins, carbs, DNA, RNA, and lipids. Therefore, life is built around the carbon atom.

Back 90

four

Front 91

In reference to population growth pyramids of countries, which one of the following statements would be true about Mexico and Egypt?

Back 91

many more children than old people & middle aged people

Front 92

As the world population continues to explode, it will be ___ to improve food shortages, the environment, save many animals and plants from extinction, and to educate people.

Back 92

very difficult

Front 93

According to the second law of thermodynamics, all forms of energy will eventually change to or show up as___ energy.

Back 93

kinetic/heat

Front 94

Eukaryotes would NOT include:

Back 94

bacteria

Front 95

The sum of the increase in carbon dioxide in the air is due to the release of large amounts of stored carbon from ancient deposits all except one of these are examples.

Back 95

wood

Front 96

Oxidizing agents are reduced when they gain electrons from some other atom, while reducing agents are oxidized when they lose electrons from some other atom. T/F?

Back 96

false

Front 97

The genetic code depends on how many bases side by side? T/F?

Back 97

false

Front 98

During DNA replication/duplication, ____ are joined by ____.

Back 98

deoxyribonucleotides, DNA polymerase

Front 99

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides bonded together by ____ bonds, while amino acids are held together by ____ bonds.

Back 99

glycosidic, peptide

Front 100

Amino acids differ from one another by what the "R" group is. T/F?

Back 100

true

Front 101

Name the organelle where the synthesis/production of TRNA and ribosomal RNA takes place____.

Back 101

nucleolus

Front 102

The conversion of nuclear energy to light energy %% then to chemical energy all can be explained by the ____ law of thermodynamics.

Back 102

first

Front 103

Plants first convert light energy into chemical energy of ____ and then into other foodstuffs.

Back 103

sugars

Front 104

There are 22 different kinds of amino acids used in ____.

Back 104

proteins

Front 105

A positive subatomic particle would be called a/an_____, while a negative one would be called a ____?

Back 105

proton, electron

Front 106

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and other small molecules cross the plasma membrane through the process of ____ through membrane pores:

Back 106

simple diffusion

Front 107

Proteins that form little spools on which the chromosomal DNA is wound around are called:

Back 107

histones

Front 108

The CH3 group is called the ____ group, while the COOH group is known as ____ group.

Back 108

methyl, carboxyl

Front 109

According to the second law of thermodynamics when converting one form of energy to another, which form of energy always show up to some amount?

Back 109

heat/kinetic

Front 110

Fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, & K and water soluble ones are Vitamins B & C. T/F?

Back 110

true

Front 111

Which type of energy on/in the sun drives or is responsible for the energy on earth?

Back 111

light

Front 112

The NH2 group is called the ____ group.

Back 112

amino

Front 113

An acid is any substance that can donate:

Back 113

a proton (H+ ion)

Front 114

The number of protons determines which element and atom it is. T/F?

Back 114

true

Front 115

Ionic bonds are formed with gain or loss of electrons, whereas covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons. T/F?

Back 115

true

Front 116

Vitamins are organic molecules that are needed for survival and growth in all cells, but are not made by plants. T/F?

Back 116

false

Front 117

Wood consists mostly of ____ along with some other compounds?

Back 117

cellulose

Front 118

Phospholipids have two fatty acids and a phosphate group each forming an ester bonds with glycerol. T/F?

Back 118

true

Front 119

To dissolve in water, a molecule must have an electric charge(+ or -). T/F?

Back 119

true

Front 120

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison had read Malthus' essay and were concerned as to its predictions. T/F?

Back 120

true

Front 121

Malthus predicted that populations of animals would grow exponentially and would eventually cover the earth if not controlled by _____.

Back 121

-disease
-predators
-lack of space
-lack of food

Front 122

DNA consists of thousands of deoxyribonucleotides, each of which consists of glucose, phosphate, and purines or pyrimidines. T/F?

Back 122

false

Front 123

Human population growth entered exponential/geometric growth starting about 1400 AD and really increased after 1950 because ____ and ____.

Back 123

industrial revolution, dev. of antibiotics

Front 124

Because of their population structure/growth pyramid today, which countries will probably continue to have large numbers of poor children?

Back 124

Mexico and India

Front 125

Populations increase in size when ____?

Back 125

births are greater than deaths

Front 126

As human populations increase, the world will be able to feed more people by having them eat more meat, and thus they will be healthier. T/F?

Back 126

false

Front 127

What part of the plant has the most nutrients for animals?

Back 127

seeds

Front 128

Cell membranes consist of mostly phospholipids and cholesterol with proteins scattered on both surfaces and in the middle. T/F?

Back 128

true

Front 129

The world is facing a protein shortage, or actually a shortage of____.

Back 129

dietary essential amino acids

Front 130

Fast growing children that need large quantities of protein, usually cannot meet their needs alone by eating plants. T/F?

Back 130

true

Front 131

Immigration in and emigration out of a country/population can have an important impact on population of the country. T/F?

Back 131

true

Front 132

Most carbs are soluble/dissolve in water because of nonpolar hydroxyl groups. T/F?

Back 132

false

Front 133

The most common disaccharide in nature and the sweetest disaccharide are ____ and ____.

Back 133

maltose, sucrose

Front 134

Starch is easier to digest than cellulose because it has the alpha type glycosidic bond, while cellulose has the beta type glycosidic bond. T/F?

Back 134

true

Front 135

Saturated fatty acids have one, two, or more double bonds (C=C) and are less dangerous to the cardiovascular system than unsaturated fatty acids. T/F?

Back 135

false

Front 136

Dietary essential amino acids are NOT synthesized in large enough quantities (arginine) or must be synthesized by some other organism (plants usually, 8 others). T/F?

Back 136

true

Front 137

Of the fatty acids, mammals appear to have dietary requirements for ____?

Back 137

only lenoleic, and lenolenic

Front 138

Amino acids are bonded together by a reaction of a/an ____ with ____ on another amino acid.

Back 138

amino group, a carboxyl group

Front 139

The flame of life is fueled by ____?

Back 139

carbohydrates

Front 140

Primary structure refers to the chain of amino acids, secondary structure refers to coiling of chain due to hydrogen bonding, and the tertiary structure refers to the folding of the protein chain due to R group interaction. T/F?

Back 140

true

Front 141

The order or sequence of ____, determines the order or sequence of ____ in the chain, which determines the ____ of the protein molecule that thus determines how protein works (its unique biological properties)

Back 141

DNA bases/nucleotides

Front 142

The concentration of glucose is 10 times more concentrated in a cell than outside the cell, yet glucose is continuously moving into the cell against a concentration gradient. The process by which glucose moves is by____?

Back 142

active transport

Front 143

The golgi apparatus functions in ____.

Back 143

packaging molecules like glycoproteins and hydrolytic enzymes into vacuoles for export out of the cell

Front 144

Unidirectional transport of molecules into or out of the cell with the expenditure of chemical energy (ATP) would be called ____?

Back 144

active transport

Front 145

Glycoproteins and other proteins of the plasma membrane could participate in which of the following ____?

Back 145

-hormone receptor
-active transport
-structural support
-cell to cell recognition

Front 146

A process by which large particles and fluid can enter a cell may be by ___, while large particles and fluid can leave a cell by ____.

Back 146

endocytosis, exocytosis

Front 147

In the cell cytoplasm, the cytoskeleton is composed of ____.

Back 147

-microfilaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules

Front 148

Membrane sacs of digestive enzymes that function in removing "old" cell parts and in general digesting unwanted cell structures are called ____?

Back 148

lysosomes

Front 149

In osmosis, movement or diffusion of water is always from a lower water concentration/less water molecules toward the solution with the higher water concentration/more water molecules. T/F?

Back 149

false

Front 150

The ribosome's function in/as____?

Back 150

of protein synthesis

Front 151

Protein synthesis for export out of the cell occurs primarily on/in____.

Back 151

ribosomes on the rough er

Front 152

As a source of protein in nutrition, among seeds, ____ would have the highest quality/more dietyary essential amino acids.

Back 152

soy beans

Front 153

The sharing of electrons is called _____, while gain or loss of electrons leads to ____.

Back 153

covalent bonding, ionic bonding

Front 154

Which of the following statements are NOT true/false?

Back 154

we, (the world) are running out of water (false)

Front 155

Carbon forms four covalent bonds rather than gaining or losing electrons because it takes too much energy to gain or lose four electrons. T/F?

Back 155

true

Front 156

All the following are features of the scientific method except ___?

Back 156

supernatural causes

Front 157

Alexander Fleming observed a patch of mold that bacteria were not able to grow near. Which of these statements was his hypothesis?

Back 157

the mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria

Front 158

In the scientific method, controls differ experimental in only one variables and the scientific method is "nothing but trained or organized common sense"- Darwin. T/F?

Back 158

true

Front 159

Put simply, the scientific method is "nothing but trained or organized common sense." T/F?

Back 159

true

Front 160

Before photosynthesis evolved,___ was rare in Earth's atmosphere.

Back 160

O2

Front 161

The products of photosynthesis are:

Back 161

glucose and oxygen

Front 162

What structural feature of a leaf allows a leaf to obtain CO2 from the air?

Back 162

stomata

Front 163

The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are located where?

Back 163

mesophyll

Front 164

Specifically, molecules of chlorophyll are located in membranes of sacs called:

Back 164

thylakoids

Front 165

What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis?

Back 165

-light intensity
-temperature
-CO2
-water availability

Front 166

All of the following compounds are required at some state of green plant photosynthesis EXCEPT:

Back 166

oxygen

Front 167

The cellular organelle of eukaryotic organisms which is responsible for photosynthetic activity is the:

Back 167

chloroplast

Front 168

Imagine a scientist discovers a mutant plant seedling that appears to lack stomata. What would be the effect of this?

Back 168

CO2 would not be able to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis

Front 169

Imagine a plant in your garden doesn't receive an adequate amount of water. Which of the following would be most affected by this?

Back 169

both the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis

Front 170

The grana are disk-shaped, interconnected membranous sacs embedded in the stroma that form thylakoids when stacked on one another. T/F?

Back 170

false

Front 171

The majority of the leaf's chloroplasts are found in the mesophyll cells. T/F?

Back 171

true

Front 172

Give the chemical equation for photosynthesis. For each reactant, indicate where the plant acquires it. For each product, note during what part of photosynthesis it is produced.

Back 172

photosynthesis is: 6CO2+6H2O+light energyC6H12O6+6O2
CO2 comes through the stomata, water comes from the vascular bundles to the mesophyll cells, and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast absorb sunlight. The glucose is produced during the light-independent reactions and the oxygen is produced during the light-dependent reactions.

Front 173

Explain how the leaf is adapted for capturing energy from the Sun and acquiring carbon dioxide and water.

Back 173

CO2 comes through adjustable pores (stomata) and water comes from the vascular bundles to the mesophyll cells. Leaves are broad and flat, and provide a large surface area to the sun. Chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast absorb sunlight.

Front 174

Light dependent reactions occur in the ____ and light independent reactions occur in the ____ of the chloroplast of a typical mesophyll leaf cell.

Back 174

thylakoids, stroma

Front 175

The cells in the ____ layer of the leaf contain the majority of a leaf's chloroplasts.

Back 175

mesophyll

Front 176

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into ____ energy stored in the bonds of glucose.

Back 176

chemical

Front 177

Albino corn has no chlorophyll. You would expect these seedlings to:

Back 177

fail to thrive

Front 178

The energy source in photosynthesis is:

Back 178

visible light

Front 179

Energy is passed around different chlorophyll molecules until it reaches a specific chlorophyll molecule called the:

Back 179

reaction center

Front 180

Where are carotenoid pigments found?

Back 180

in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts

Front 181

The pigments that absorb light energy to drive photosynthesis are:

Back 181

-chlorophyll
-carotenoids

Front 182

A pigment that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light is:

Back 182

chlorophyll

Front 183

Which of the following is NOT true of chlorophyll?

Back 183

it is found in mitochondria

Front 184

You are experimenting with different types of lighting for your indoor green plants. Which of the following colors of light will be most effective?

Back 184

red-blue

Front 185

Which statement is TRUE regarding the light-dependent reactions?

Back 185

without water, the system would shut down

Front 186

The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from:

Back 186

H2O

Front 187

Which sequence accurately reflects the flow of electrons in photosynthesis?

Back 187

H2O->Photosystem II->Photosystem I->NADP

Front 188

The ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light dependent reactions are:

Back 188

dissolved in the stroma

Front 189

What is produced in the electron transport system associated with photosystem II?

Back 189

ATP

Front 190

Light-dependent photosynthetic reactions produce:

Back 190

ATP, NADPH, O2

Front 191

Where the O2 released during photosynthesis come from?

Back 191

H2O

Front 192

During the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted into:

Back 192

chemical energy

Front 193

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis result in which of the following?

Back 193

phosphorylation of ADP

Front 194

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

Back 194

to provide electrons

Front 195

Which of the following is a source of electrons used for reduction reactions by green plants?

Back 195

H2O

Front 196

According to the chemiosmotic theory, hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membranes from the stroma by:

Back 196

active transport

Front 197

The energy of the movement of electrons down their concentration gradient via electron transport within chloroplasts and mitochondria is used to generate molecules of:

Back 197

ATP

Front 198

The energy of the movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron transport within the thylakoid membrane generates:

Back 198

ATP

Front 199

Which process of photosynthesis is linked to the production of ATP?

Back 199

photosystem II

Front 200

Suppose you are studying photosynthesis in a research lab. You grow your plants in a chamber with a source of water that has a radioactively labeled oxygen atom. What photosynthetic product will be radioactive?

Back 200

oxygen

Front 201

Glucose synthesis requires which of the following?

Back 201

products of energy-capturing reactions must be available

Front 202

Which of the following is TRUE about the light-dependent reactions?

Back 202

photosystem II generates ATP, while photosystem I generates NADPH

Front 203

Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is FALSE?

Back 203

The proton gradient is used to reduce NADP

Front 204

The NADPH required for carbon dioxide fixation is formed:

Back 204

during the light reactions

Front 205

The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is:

Back 205

to produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH

Front 206

You are carrying out an experiment on an aquatic plant in your fish tank. You decide to expose the plant to varying wavelengths of light to determine which wavelength is best for the light dependent reactions. Which of the following products could you measure to determine what wavelength of light is optimum for the light dependent reactions?

Back 206

oxygen bubbles

Front 207

You are carrying out an experiment on several aquatic plants in your fish tank. You decide to expose 2 of the plants to green light and 2 of the plants to blue light. You want to determine which type of light is best for the light dependent reactions so you decide to measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced to reach your conclusions. Which of the following results would be expected?

Back 207

There would be more bubbles from the plants in blue light compared to green light.

Front 208

The photosystems are involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. T/F?

Back 208

true

Front 209

Carbon dioxide is required in the light-dependent reaction. T/F?

Back 209

false

Front 210

The carotenoids and other accessory pigments in the chloroplast help harvest light energy toward the reaction center chlorophyll molecules. T/F?

Back 210

true

Front 211

_____ is the main light-capturing molecule in chloroplasts and is responsible for giving most leaves their charcteristic green color.

Back 211

chlorophyll

Front 212

What is the role of green pigment chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Back 212

Critical in light-dependent reactions to harness light energy and begin the flow of electrons which in turn creates the proton gradient allowing for chemiosmosis ATP formation which is required for the light-independent reactions.

Front 213

In the process of photosynthesis, ____ and ____ are required from the light dependent reactions to completely reduce carbon dioxide to glucose in the Calvin Cycle.

Back 213

ATP; NADPH

Front 214

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of ____ is coupled to the diffusion of protons.

Back 214

ATP

Front 215

Describe the two major comoponent of a photosystem. What is the function of each?

Back 215

The light harvesting complex absorbs light and passes the energy to a specific chlorophyll molecule called the reaction center. The electron transport system is a series of electron carrier molecules that are responsible for directly donating electrons to the elctron carrier molecule NADP+ and indirectly driving the synthesis of ATP.

Front 216

Light harvesting pigments in the chloroplast include chlorophyll and the accessory pigments,____.

Back 216

carotenoids

Front 217

The ____ is composed of a light-harvesting complex and an electron transport system.

Back 217

photosystem

Front 218

Imagine you are conducting a photosynthesis experiment on a plant in the lab. You block any sunlight from reaching the plant. Explain the specific effect this will have on the light dependent reactions.

Back 218

Light will not be present to hit the chlorophyll and electrons will not be excited. Therefore the light reactions will not occur and no energy will be produced to be used in the dark reactions.

Front 219

In C3 photosynthesis, what fixes the carbon?

Back 219

RuBP

Front 220

How many molecules of CO2 are fixed to form one molecule of glucose?

Back 220

6

Front 221

The term "cycle" is used to describe the light-independent reactions (Calvin-Benson Cycle) because:

Back 221

the process begins and ends with RuBP

Front 222

Where is glucose synthesized?

Back 222

cytoplasm

Front 223

What is the correct order for the reactions of the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Back 223

carbon fixation, synthesis of G3P, regeneration of RuBP

Front 224

Which of the following occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

Back 224

carbon dioxide is converted into sugars

Front 225

All of the following are part of the Calvin-Benson cycle EXCEPT:

Back 225

generation of ATP

Front 226

Suppose the stomata of a typical C3 plant close in the middle of the day. What will occur?

Back 226

the rate of photosynthesis will decrease

Front 227

Which of the following are required for the C3 cycle?

Back 227

-CO2
-RuBP enzyme
-ATP
-NADPH

Front 228

Which of the following provides O2 as an end product?

Back 228

light-dependent reaction

Front 229

In the C3 cycle, where does the carbon come from to form glucose?

Back 229

from atmospheric CO2

Front 230

What happens to CO2, when it moves into the stroma?

Back 230

It becomes a carbohydrate

Front 231

In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to:

Back 231

construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide

Front 232

Glucose is made during which of the following reactions?

Back 232

light-independent reactions only

Front 233

During photosynthesis when is CO2 utilized?

Back 233

during the light-independent reactions only

Front 234

ATP is required during which of the following reactions?

Back 234

during the light-independent reactions only

Front 235

Enzymes are required during which of the following reactions?

Back 235

during the light-dependent reactions only

Front 236

Water is required during which of the following reactions?

Back 236

during the light-dependent reactions only

Front 237

NADPH is synthesized during which of the following reactions?

Back 237

during the light-dependent reactions only

Front 238

You are conducting an experiment to track what happends to the carbons from CO2 molecules used in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis. You add a radioactive tag to the carbons of the CO2 reactants and then collect the products following the reactions. Which products would then be radioactive?

Back 238

glucose

Front 239

Why is no glucose produced if a plant is kept for long periods in the dark, even though the sugar producing reactions are called light-independent?

Back 239

The light-indepedent reactions require ATP and NADPH produced from the light-dependent reactions to drive the synthesis of glucose in the Calvin cycle reactions.

Front 240

Is glucose a direct product of the Calvin-Benson cycle reactions?

Back 240

No, G3P is the carbohydrate produced and two of these molecules must combine to form one molecule of glucose

Front 241

Which component of the Calvin-Benson cycle is recycled and why is this important for the light-independent reactions?

Back 241

The RuBP molecule is recycled and this is essential for the cycle nature of the process to be maintained

Front 242

Differentiate the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis from the light-independent reactions:

Back 242

The light-dependent reactions capture solar energy and convert it to energy carrier molecules, ATP and NADPH, while in the light-independent reactions the ATP and NADPH is used to drive the chemical reactions required for the synthesis of glucose.

Front 243

Photosystem II generates____ and Photosystem I generates____, both of which are required by the light-dependent reactions.

Back 243

ATP;NADPH

Front 244

How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions related to one another?

Back 244

The light-dependent reactions produce the ATP and NADPH required to drive the light-dependent reactions which results in the synthesis of sugar(glucose).

Front 245

What happens to the photosynthetic reactions when there is no sunlight present?

Back 245

ATP and NADPH levels from the light dependent reactions become limiting and that in turn can lead to the decrease in sugar production from the light independent reactions.

Front 246

In the reduction of CO2 during C4 photosynthesis, which of the following initially combined with CO2?

Back 246

PEP

Front 247

Where does one expect to find the reactions of a C4 pathway occurring in a plant such as corn?

Back 247

-mesophyll cells
-bundle-sheath cells

Front 248

In the C4 cycle, what is the source of carbon?

Back 248

carbon dioxide

Front 249

What kind of habitat does a C4 pathway plant favor?

Back 249

hot and dry

Front 250

Photorespiration is bad for a plant because:

Back 250

no ATP is produced

Front 251

Where does the C4 cycle get its name?

Back 251

the first product in the cycle has four carbons

Front 252

If C4 photosynthesis prevents photorespiration, why haven't all plants evolved to use the C4 pathway?

Back 252

C4 is not advantageous in all climates

Front 253

When water supplies are plentiful for the plant:

Back 253

-CO2 uptake will increase
-the stomata remain open

Front 254

C3 plants are adapted to____ conditions, while C4 plants are adapted to____ environmental conditions.

Back 254

wet;dry

Front 255

In C4 photosynthesis, where does the carbon come from to synthesize glucose?

Back 255

from atmospheric CO2

Front 256

Under dry conditions, a C4 plant is more photosynthetically efficient than a C3 plant. T/F?

Back 256

true

Front 257

The combination of oxygen with RuBP during the light-independent reactions, rather than carbon dioxide, is called____.

Back 257

photorespiration

Front 258

Some plants, called the____ plants, have evolved a way to reduce photorespiration.

Back 258

C4

Front 259

During the process of ____, RuBP combines with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.

Back 259

photorespiration

Front 260

In C3 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplasts of ____cells, but in C4 plants the cycle occurs in the ____ cells.

Back 260

mesophyll; bundle sheath

Front 261

Many plants have evolved leaves that have adjustable pores, called____, which allow for gas exchange and water loss.

Back 261

stomata

Front 262

Why does photorespiration reduce photosynthesis efficiency?

Back 262

Photorespiration doesn't produce any useful cellular energy and it prevents the synthesis of glucose in C3 plants

Front 263

What is photorespiration? Describe how C4 plants have evolved the ability to reduce photorespiration.

Back 263

Photorespiration occurs when RuBP combines with O2 rather than CO2 not allowing the plant to fix carbon and produce glucose. C4 plants use a two stage carbon-fixation pathway where PEP is used instead of RuBP which specifically reacts with CO2 and O2, the CO2 is then shuttled to the bundle-sheath cells and creates a high CO2 concentration that favors the regular C3 cycle reactions without competition from O2.

Front 264

The dinosaurs died off from a lack of sunlight. What does this statement imply about the extinction of the dinosaurs?

Back 264

Meteor hit or massive volcano eruptions both would have led to reduced sunlight which would have had an immediate impact on photosynthesis and reducing the food source for herbivores which then limited the food source for the carnivores (chain reaction type event)

Front 265

The two hormones of birth control pills would be ____.

Back 265

estrogen and progesterone

Front 266

After about 4 months into pregnancy, the placenta begins to produce____, and removal of the ovaries has ____ effect on pregnancy.

Back 266

progesterone, a lot

Front 267

The pituitary gland of both males and females produced FSH and LH, but the cell receptors are different. T/F?

Back 267

true

Front 268

Follicles in the ovary rupture to release the egg on/or about____ days in the cycle.

Back 268

15

Front 269

In controlling "mall/bull" fertility, the urethra is ligated/cut to stop sperm from leaving the testes. T/F?

Back 269

false

Front 270

The fertilized egg develops to term in the ____.

Back 270

uterus

Front 271

The characteristic/gene that causes maleness is located on the___?

Back 271

"Y" chromosome

Front 272

The tip of the clitoris which has lots of touch responding sensory neurons like its homolog, the penis, would be called the ____.

Back 272

glans clitoris

Front 273

More than one sperm is required to fertilize an egg because the ____ surrounding the egg must be separated.

Back 273

follicle cells

Front 274

Seminal fluid, excluding the sperm, is produced by all except____.

Back 274

vas deferens

Front 275

Approximately how many sperm probably actually reach the egg for fertilization and what is the sugar sperm use for energy?

Back 275

several hundreds to a thousand, fructose

Front 276

Which hormone stimulates milk production____, and the uterine smooth muscle activity and cause milk release from mammary glands during sucking____?

Back 276

oxytocin, prolactin

Front 277

The sugar fructose in the seminal fluid provides the sperm nutrition, while pH buffers protect the sperm from acids. T/F?

Back 277

true

Front 278

The labia major and minor of females are derived from the same tissue as the supporting tissue of the scrotal sac and penis of males. T/F?

Back 278

true

Front 279

The hormone progesterone inhibits production of ____?

Back 279

LH & FSH

Front 280

Initiation of both egg and sperm production is controlled by___, whereas testosterone production by the interstitial cell of Leydig is controlled by___.

Back 280

FSH & LH

Front 281

The egg must be fertilized in the upper 1/3 of the oviduct because the egg only lives about 24 hrs after ovulation. T/F?

Back 281

true

Front 282

Sperm are no longer ejected after a vasectomy because the ___ is or ligated?

Back 282

vas deferens

Front 283

Sperm is produced by the seminiferous tubules of the testes, while eggs are produced by the germinal epithelium of the ovaries. T/F?

Back 283

true

Front 284

Both the clitoris and penis become erect because of ____?

Back 284

blood pressure

Front 285

By filling with blood, which tissues play a major role in the penile erection?

Back 285

-corpora cavernosa
-corpora spongiosum

Front 286

The female hormone that influences female secondary characters (higher voice, less hairiness, less mascular), female behavior, and guides female development in the fetus would be____?

Back 286

estrogen

Front 287

The so called abortion pill "RU-486", blocks the action of ____.

Back 287

progesterone

Front 288

In females the urogenital opening and canal of the developing fetus becomes the ___ and ____?

Back 288

urethra, vagina

Front 289

The menstrual cycle begins when which hormone starts being produced again?

Back 289

FSH

Front 290

In days it takes about how long for an ovum or egg to travel down the oviduct (fallopian tubes)

Back 290

3-4

Front 291

The endometrium or lining of the uterus prepares for pregnancy each month by becoming more cellular and vascular under the influence of which two hormones.

Back 291

-estrogen
-progesterone

Front 292

The tip of the penis which has lots of touch responding sensory neurons like its homolog the clitoris would be an extension of the____?

Back 292

corpora spongiosum

Front 293

Sperm are stored mostly in____?

Back 293

seminal vesicle

Front 294

The production of sperm occurs in the____under the influence of ____.

Back 294

seminiferous tubules, FSH

Front 295

In males, the urogenital opening and canal of the developing fetus becomes the___and___.

Back 295

only the urethra

Front 296

If the oviduct is ligated/cut, the egg can not be fertilized or reach the uterus/womb. T/F?

Back 296

true

Front 297

In the human ejaculate of 2.5 ml, if there are ___million sperm or less a person is considered sterile.

Back 297

50

Front 298

In men when the supply of sperm is adequate which hormone is produced____ to stop more sperm being made?

Back 298

inhibin

Front 299

The egg must be fertilized before ovulation. T/F?

Back 299

false

Front 300

Which of the following will give males trouble in the future if they live long enough?

Back 300

prostate gland

Front 301

Two hormones that occur in both males and females would be____.

Back 301

FSH, LH

Front 302

When pregnancy occurs, the hormone that will keep the corpus luteum functioning is____?

Back 302

human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 303

Castration or removal of the testes after puberty will effect___?

Back 303

aggressiveness

Front 304

The initiation of egg formation and development at the beginning of each menstrual cycle is caused by____?

Back 304

estrogen

Front 305

Follicles in the ovary rupture to release the egg, some blood, and there are many follicle cells surrounding the egg. T/F?

Back 305

true

Front 306

The fertilized egg develops initially deep inside the ___ of the uterus.

Back 306

endometrium

Front 307

Some of the anabolic steroids taken by athletes cause a lower production of testosterone. T/F?

Back 307

true

Front 308

In mammals the testes must be descended outside of the body for the sperm to viable. T/F?

Back 308

true

Front 309

The midpiece of the sperm carries the hyaluronidae while the acrosome contains the mitochondrium. T/F?

Back 309

false

Front 310

The energy used by the sperm to swim up the female system comes primarily from glycolysis. T/F?

Back 310

true

Front 311

If two sperm enter the ovum at the same time, the embryo will develop into a functioning triploid adult. T/F?

Back 311

false

Front 312

The labia major and minor of females are openings that open and lead directly into the uterus. T/F?

Back 312

false

Front 313

In the breasts the milk producing glands are modified sweat glands. T/F?

Back 313

true

Front 314

Sex interest or drive of females is controlled by____?

Back 314

none of these

Front 315

Sperm is produced by the seminiferous tubules of the testes, whereas eggs are produced by the germinal epithelium of the ovaries. T/F?

Back 315

true

Front 316

The so called abortion pill "RU-486" blocks the aciton of___.

Back 316

progesterone

Front 317

In females the urogenital opening and canal of the developing fetus becomes the ____ and ____?

Back 317

urethra, vagina

Front 318

The uterus from outside to inside has which layers___?

Back 318

serosa, myometrium, endometrium

Front 319

The endometrium or lining of the uterus prepares for pregnancy each month by becoming more cellular and vascular under the influence of which two hormones?

Back 319

estrogen & progesterone

Front 320

The highest concentration of FSH, LH, and estrogen ____ ovulation, whereas progesterone levels are highest____?

Back 320

before, after

Front 321

Bishop Ussher decided the earth was created 4004 BC, and Buffon proposed the earth was 70,000 years old and that some species might change over time. Who disproved both of these views by using geologic evidence.

Back 321

Lyell and Hutton

Front 322

The two products of primitive cyclic photophosphorylation____,____, but not____?

Back 322

ATP, O2, NADPH

Front 323

That it requires about 1.4 times as many ATPs to make glucose in photosynthesis than you get back when you use it for energy does not matter because there is so much light energy. T/F?

Back 323

true

Front 324

The products of the light reactions necessary to drive the Calvin-Benson Dark reactions are ____.

Back 324

ATP,NADPH

Front 325

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the ___ of the chloroplast whereas the dark reactions take place in the ____?

Back 325

thylakoids, stroma

Front 326

Many of the cells in the mesophyll of a ___leaf are usually arranged in a ring around the bundle sheath.

Back 326

C-3

Front 327

In a C4 plant, carbon dioxide is first combined/fixed with a compound called____, which is then converted to____ which next enters the bundle sheath cells.

Back 327

oxaloacetic acid, citric acid

Front 328

Under conditions of high light intensity, intense heat, and dryness, a C-3 plant would ____, and produce only ___ as much glucose.

Back 328

photorespire, 50%

Front 329

The "first step" in photosynthesis is the ____.

Back 329

energizing of an electron of chlorophyll by a photon light

Front 330

The light reactions of photosynthesis____.

Back 330

provide the energy required for the dark reactions

Front 331

In biology a "limiting factor" is a condition or substance that, by its absence or short supply, limits the rate at which a biological process can proceed. Which one of the following would be most likely to be a limiting factor for photosynthesis?

Back 331

carbon dioxide

Front 332

Which of the following occurs in noncyclic, but not in cyclic photophosphorylation?

Back 332

synthesis of NADPH

Front 333

The oxygen in our atmosphere is a product of ____.

Back 333

only noncyclic photophosphorylation

Front 334

In a C-3 plant like an oak tree, most photophosphorylation takes place in ____.

Back 334

the mesophyll cells of the leaves

Front 335

Which of the following compounds is involved in both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis?

Back 335

chlorophyll

Front 336

All of the following take place in both photosynthesis and respiration EXCEPT:____.

Back 336

transfer of electrons to carrier molecules

Front 337

About ____% of the carbon dioxide released into the air is consumed by the algae in the ocean.

Back 337

50

Front 338

The most productive parts of the oceans are located in____.

Back 338

in the surface waters along the shores

Front 339

____light penetrates deepest in the ocean.

Back 339

blue

Front 340

With the increasing release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels, the earth should see a/an____in plant growth.

Back 340

increase

Front 341

It is easy to walk through the forest of tall trees because the high light penetration and abundant moisture reduces growth of weeds, bushes and grasses from growing. T/F?

Back 341

false

Front 342

Most of the fossil fuels come from passed/ancient____.

Back 342

photosynthesis

Front 343

The waxy coating on the surface of a leaf functions ____.

Back 343

keeps water from evaporating

Front 344

Stomata open and close in relation to water conditions. T/F?

Back 344

true

Front 345

The cells that control the amount of water, CO2, and O2 that enters and leaves the leaf are called____.

Back 345

guard cells

Front 346

At night___ plants fix most of their CO2, while in the hot afternoon___plants fix some CO2 and in the hot afternoon____plants do not fix CO2.

Back 346

CAM, C-4, C-3

Front 347

Corn arose in the tropics and therefore is a ___ plant that can carry out photosynthesis at lower concentrations of carbon dioxide, whereas trees and bushes are ___plants.

Back 347

C-4, C-3

Front 348

The P700 chlorophyll will not use wavelengths of light greater than 700nm, while the P680 chlorophyll will not use wavelengths of light greater than 680nm because the higher wave lengths have less energy. T/F?

Back 348

true

Front 349

From six RuBP and 6 carbon dioxides how many glucose____ and PGAL molecules are made?

Back 349

1, 12

Front 350

RuBisCO, the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide is absent in Mesophyll of C-4 plants, but not C-3 plants. T/F?

Back 350

true

Front 351

To complete one cycle of the Calvin-Benson cycle and making one glucose requires about how many ATPs equivalents?

Back 351

54

Front 352

Carbon dioxide is fixed on PEPA and then is converted to oxaloacetic acid; oxaloacetic acid then moves into the bundle sheath cells where CO2 is released and put on RuBP. T/F?

Back 352

true

Front 353

Shading reduces light and effects NADPH and ATP formation thus increasing plant growth. T/F?

Back 353

false

Front 354

When forests burn, grasses and bushes which were not found growing in the forest, now appear with the trees killed because of ____.

Back 354

more available light

Front 355

Photons are packets of light energy; those with the most energy travel as the longest wavelenths(blue-violet light); shorter wavelengths has less energy(yellow-red light). T/F?

Back 355

false

Front 356

Other colored pigments such as carotenoids and xanthophylls absorb the same wavelengths of light as does chlorophyll. T/F?

Back 356

false

Front 357

Recessive characteristics like hemophilia occur on the___, and therefore show up____.

Back 357

"x" chromosome, more often in males

Front 358

Assuming no linkage and independent assortment in the polygenic cross of two parents both A/A B/b, what would be the number of offspring A/A b/b in the F1 generation?

Back 358

1/4

Front 359

Mendel's paper on inheritance did not include:

Back 359

prin. of unit of isolation

Front 360

Genetic info flows from___.

Back 360

genes->mRNA->protein->phenotype

Front 361

Genetic variation observed in natural populations arises from___?

Back 361

-new mutations
-migration of individuals in and out of the population
-recombination of sex cells
-independent assortment of chromosomes

Front 362

Considering only independent assortment of chromosomes, an animal with 20 pairs of chromosomes could make___different sex cells.

Back 362

2^20

Front 363

To determine the genotype of an individual, it must be test crossed with a ___.

Back 363

homozygous recessive individual

Front 364

The physical expression of characteristics are referred to as___, while the genetic makeup is referred to as___.

Back 364

phenotype, genotype

Front 365

Many different genotypes intermediate to their parents, like intelligence & height, would most likely be controlled by___.

Back 365

multiple gene effects

Front 366

A monohybrid cross will usually result in___phenotypes and ____ genotypes if both parents are heterozygous.

Back 366

2, 3

Front 367

A mutation in the DNA occurs such that adenine is substituted by guanine. This would be called a ___ mutation.

Back 367

point

Front 368

Which of the following would NOT usually be important in the formation of new species of animals, but would be in plants?

Back 368

polyploidy

Front 369

A gene that has many different copies in a chromosome would be an example of ___, while a loss of a gene would be a ___.

Back 369

duplication, deletion

Front 370

Nature selects___, not____.

Back 370

phenotypes, genotypes

Front 371

Benjamin Franklin stated "There is in short, no bound to the prolific nature of plants and animals, but what is made by their crowding and interfering with each others means of subsistence" Franklins views were similar to those of___, but occurred earlier?

Back 371

Malthus

Front 372

In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous for both characters (EeVgvg X EeVgvg), about how many offspring out of 16 will be homozygous dominant?

Back 372

1

Front 373

A,B,&O characters would be an example of ___?

Back 373

multiple allele characters

Front 374

The concept of a non-random/non-representative small sample of a population establishing a new population somewhere else is referred to as___?

Back 374

genetic drift/neutral selection

Front 375

Breeding the F1 offspring back to one of the parents is referred to as____.

Back 375

introgression

Front 376

The intense selection for average sized snake eggs is an example of ___selection, while selection against medium sized monkeys would be an example of___ selection.

Back 376

stabilizing, disruptive

Front 377

All of the characters that Mendel chose were___,and____.

Back 377

dominant recessive, not linked

Front 378

If two plants are crossed, one white flowered and the other red flowered, and some of the F1 flowers were pink, this is an example of___.

Back 378

codominance

Front 379

Mendel discovered reduction division when he discovered the Principle of___.

Back 379

segregation

Front 380

Characters that do not show up together are usually____.

Back 380

unlinked characters

Front 381

The occurrence of large numbers of marsupials and monotremes on Australia and no where else would be best explained by___&___.

Back 381

geographic isolation, continental drift

Front 382

One of the best fossil records of vertebrates is that of the___, which arose in___.

Back 382

horse, north america

Front 383

Dogs, coyotes, and wolves are isolated from one another by___isolation, while horses and donkeys are isolated by___.

Back 383

behavioral genetic

Front 384

If two different alleles are present in the organism, it is referred to as being___.

Back 384

heterozygous

Front 385

Natural selection operates on populations that usually grow exponentially and are usually limited by ___.

Back 385

-food
-predators
-disease
-shortage of space

Front 386

For severe selection to occur environmental resources must become limiting. T/F?

Back 386

true

Front 387

During a storm a small flock of sparrows were driven out to sea. The establishment of a new population of birds on an island where none had previously existed is an example of___.

Back 387

founder's effect

Front 388

Nondysjunction of chromosomes occurs in all chromosomes of species, but has little effect on survivors except with the___.

Back 388

sex chromosomes

Front 389

When the spanish invaded the Americas only a few thousand soldiers were ever in Cuba and Mexico at one time, and the Spanish didn't bring women over to colonize their territories as did the Dutch, French and English. So, breeding by the Spanish soldiers was with millions of native American/Indian women that they did not murder. The migration of Spanish alleles into the Indian population would have had a ___ genetic effect on the native population?

Back 389

little

Front 390

when a few individuals of a species survive a natural catastrophe such as a fire by chance or luck, change in allelic frequencies in surviving population is referred to as having passed through a/an____:

Back 390

evolutionary bottleneck

Front 391

The corn, squash, tomatoes, and many peppers arose in____, while the wheat arose in___.

Back 391

north america, africa

Front 392

Vestigial characters, like the appendix or poorly formed hind limbs on some snakes, are characters that were in ones ancestors but have now lost their function. T/F?

Back 392

true

Front 393

That glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, meiosis, mitosis, protein synthesis are all similar in all cells suggests:

Back 393

common ancestors to all cells

Front 394

Klinefelder's or Turner's syndrome are examples of ___.

Back 394

aneupolyploids

Front 395

The region of the chromosome occupied by a gene is called a locus. T/F?

Back 395

true

Front 396

A gene is a portion of DNA that resides at a particular locus or site on a chromosome and encodes a protein that is used in a particular function/trait. T/F?

Back 396

true

Front 397

Multiple gene effects would include all but___.

Back 397

A,B,O blood groups

Front 398

Mendel's paper on inheritance did not include___?

Back 398

prin. of unit isolation

Front 399

A recessive allele is one___?

Back 399

whose effect is masked by a dominant allele

Front 400

Blood typing is often used as evidence in paternity cases in court. In one case, the mother had blood type B and the child had blood type O. Which of the following blood types could the father NOT have?

Back 400

AB

Front 401

Two little miracles were caused by___?

Back 401

independent assortment of chromosomes

Front 402

The technique used in cloning Dolly, and also possibly cloning a mammoth, is called nuclear transfer technology. T/F?

Back 402

true

Front 403

The correct order of events for introducing genetic info from one kind of sheep into a different kind of sheep would be___?

Back 403

5,6,1,2,3,4

Front 404

Because the recipient egg has MRNA and many organelles iin its cytoplasm unfamiliar to the introduced nucleus, the clone may be slightly different from the donor. T/F?

Back 404

true

Front 405

The resulting genetic changes will be passed on to the patient's offspring only in___?

Back 405

germline gene therapy

Front 406

A vector, like a virus, is simply a "transporter" for the genetic material that allows it to enter the target cell. T/F?

Back 406

true

Front 407

Which of the following allows the vector to penetrate the cell?

Back 407

protein outer protective viral coat

Front 408

The type of cell that a given virus will infect is determined by the ___?

Back 408

protein outer protective viral coat

Front 409

Who predicted such events as the famine in the 1840s in Ireland where the introduction of a new food source for the Irish allowed their population to soar until along comes the potato blight?

Back 409

Malthus

Front 410

Which of the following individuals read Malthus' paper and also came up with the idea of natural selection, but didn't get much credit for it?

Back 410

Wallace

Front 411

Anaximander, who believed that organisms evolve through time and become different kinds of organisms and Empedocles tried to further the concept of one organism changing into another organism. T/F?

Back 411

true

Front 412

If 5 chondrodystrophic dwarfs are born to normal parents (dd) out of a total of 200,000 babies, what is the mutation rate of the normal allele to the dwarf allele?

Back 412

1/80,000

Front 413

Any debate on evolution in ancient Greece died with the rise of Christianity and the decline of science. T/F?

Back 413

true