Bio Exam 3

Front 1

A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from

Back 1

at least 10,000 years ago.

Front 2

The abundant remains of ammonites in Oklahoma indicate

Back 2

that Oklahoma was in the past covered by a shallow ocean.

Front 3

Relative dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.

Back 3

depth within rock layers

Front 4

Absolute dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.

Back 4

radioactive isotopes

Front 5

If an isotope's half-life is 100 years, then

Back 5

in 100 years only half of the atoms in a sample of that isotope will remain.

Front 6

Earth once consisted of a single large landmass and one ocean. The landmass is named

Back 6

Pangaea

Front 7

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry, these structures are

Back 7

homologous.

Front 8

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution, these structures are

Back 8

analogous

Front 9

If a structure has no apparent function in one species, yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species, this structure is termed

Back 9

vestigial

Front 10

A gene that when mutated leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed

Back 10

homeotic.

Front 11

The half life of 14C is 5,730 years. 11,460 years after an organism dies what percent of the initial 14C will still be present in the organism bones?

Back 11

25%

Front 12

The fossil record indicates that at one time marsupials were common to both Australia and South America, but today most South American marsupials have become extinct. The most probable explanation for marsupials being common to Australia yet not very common to South America today is that

Back 12

South American marsupials were displaced by placental mammals when a land bridge formed between North America and South America about seven million years ago.

Front 13

The wings of a bat and a bird are examples of

Back 13

homologous structures.

Front 14

The wings of a bat and an insect are examples of

Back 14

analogous structures.

Front 15

The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of

Back 15

vestigial structures.

Front 16

The observation that most aquatic animals, like fish, penguins, and whales, all have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers for steering are a result of

Back 16

convergent evolution.

Front 17

Amphibians, birds, and mammals look the most similar as _____.

Back 17

embryos

Front 18

The number of differences between cytochrome c of humans and cytochrome c of other organisms is as follows: Rhesus monkey - 1 difference; pigeon - 12 differences; fruit fly - 24 differences. The order in which these species are most similar to humans is

Back 18

Rhesus monkey, pigeon, fruit fly.

Front 19

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

Back 19

They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes.

Front 20

Evolution occurs in

Back 20

species.

Front 21

Earth's history spans about 4.6 billion years.

Back 21

True

Front 22

The abundant presence of ammonite fossils in a large area indicates that the area was once part of an ocean.

Back 22

True

Front 23

The fossil record is often incomplete, simply because scientists will never be able to discover some of the fossils that are buried deep in the earth.

Back 23

True

Front 24

Skeletal organization relating to limbs used for movement in vertebrates would be an example of analogous structures.

Back 24

False

Front 25

Skeletal organization relating to limbs used for movement in vertebrates would be an example of homologous structures.

Back 25

True

Front 26

The techniques used to study molecular evolution are based on the comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among species.

Back 26

True

Front 27

What is needed to estimate species relatedness with a molecular clock?

Back 27

All answers are correct.

Front 28

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Back 28

All answers are correct.

Front 29

Which of the following is NOT a vestigial structure in humans?

Back 29

thumbs

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports evolutionary theory?

Back 30

analogous structures

Front 31

A species that is so important to its community that its removal can dismantle a food web (such as sea otters) is termed a

Back 31

keystone species.

Front 32

Abiotic components of an ecosystem include

Back 32

nonliving components only.

Front 33

The physical place where members of a population live is termed a

Back 33

habitat.

Front 34

When two or more species vie for the same limited resource, ______ occurs.

Back 34

competition

Front 35

In ______, multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time.

Back 35

resource partitioning

Front 36

A relationship between different species in which one species lives in or on another is

Back 36

symbiosis.

Front 37

A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit is

Back 37

mutualism.

Front 38

A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits and the other is harmed is

Back 38

parasitism.

Front 39

A ______ makes up a small portion of the community by weight, yet exerts a disproportionate influence on community diversity.

Back 39

keystone species

Front 40

In ecology, a community that remains fairly constant over time is referred to as a

Back 40

climax community.

Front 41

Species that are the first to colonize an area are termed

Back 41

pioneer species.

Front 42

An organism's ______ is its position in the food chain relative to the ecosystem's energy source.

Back 42

trophic level

Front 43

As an overall average, about ______ of the energy at one trophic level is generally available to the next highest rank in the food chain.

Back 43

ten percent

Front 44

You go on a canoe trip to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in Northern Minnesota. This ecosystem is cold most of the year and receives plenty of rainfall. It has many lakes that are full of walleye pike fish. You know that walleye like to eat minnows. In turn the minnows feed on scuds (zooplankton) which eat algae (phytoplankton).

Back 44

resource partitioning

Front 45

Why are top-level predators like lions and eagles so rare in a community?

Back 45

Only a small amount of the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next.

Front 46

Lichens live on the side of trees, obtaining better access to sunlight, and produce no harm to the tree. This is an example of

Back 46

commensalism.

Front 47

The concentration of the pesticide DDT is likely highest in which of the following?

Back 47

a seagull

Front 48

Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which neither member of the relationship benefits.

Back 48

False

Front 49

Lichens and mosses that can grow on and erode rock would be considered pioneer species.

Back 49

True

Front 50

The different seasons of the year are caused by

Back 50

the tilt of the Earth's axis as the Earth travels around the Sun.

Front 51

The rain shadow associated with mountains

Back 51

is on the downwind side and has a drier climate than the upwind side of the mountain.

Front 52

Trees that lose only a few leaves at a time are

Back 52

coniferous trees.

Front 53

The taiga

Back 53

consists of mostly coniferous trees.

Front 54

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tundra?

Back 54

contains conifers

Front 55

Along coastlines, the area between high tide and low tide is the

Back 55

intertidal zone.

Front 56

Scientists reported that hurricane intensity has increased over the past 35 years, coinciding with increasing sea temperature. At the equator, the Earth receives the

Back 56

maximum amount of solar radiation per unit area.

Front 57

Within convection cells, warm moist air rises from the equator and descends at 20-30 degrees from the equator. Convection cells are partially responsible for the distribution of which two biomes?

Back 57

tropical rain forests and subtropical deserts

Front 58

Which of the following biomes would you predict to be dependent on fire to prevent succession by trees?

Back 58

grassland

Front 59

What is a challenge that organisms living in an estuary face that other aquatic organisms normally do not face?

Back 59

daily changes in salinity

Front 60

Coral obtains energy

Back 60

by capturing and digesting small animals and through symbiosis with photosynthetic algae.

Front 61

Examples of terrestrial biomes are grasslands, forests, lakes, and deserts.

Back 61

False

Front 62

The "rain shadow" of a mountain is found on the leeward side of the mountain.

Back 62

True

Front 63

All deserts are characterized by hot, dry climates.

Back 63

False

Front 64

Streams lead to rivers that carry water and sediment toward the ocean or an interior basin.

Back 64

True

Front 65

Which of the following is NOT a component of a tropical marine community?

Back 65

sunlight

Front 66

Which of the following are abiotic interactions in an ecosystem?

Back 66

None of the answers are abiotic interactions.

Front 67

The diversity in a kelp forest community can be measured by

Back 67

the number of different species of living organisms in the community.

Front 68

In a decidous forest, for example, succession will always increase species richness.

Back 68

False

Front 69

The primary cause for loss of biodiversity is

Back 69

habitat destruction.

Front 70

How are extinctions related to biodiversity?

Back 70

The more extinctions, the lower the species biodiversity.

Front 71

What is the benefit of biodiversity to humans?

Back 71

All answers are correct.

Front 72

The zebra mussel and the gypsy moth are native species of North America.

Back 72

False

Front 73

Humans can survive on Earth without biodiversity.

Back 73

False

Front 74

A species that humans bring to an area where it did not previously occur is

Back 74

an exotic species.

Front 75

Carbon dioxide gas is not a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.

Back 75

False

Front 76

Overexploitation is harvesting a species faster than it can reproduce.

Back 76

True

Front 77

The study of an organism's structure is

Back 77

anatomy.

Front 78

The study of the function of all of the body's parts is

Back 78

physiology.

Front 79

Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function are defined as which of the following?

Back 79

tissue

Front 80

The different types of animal tissue include

Back 80

All answers are correct.

Front 81

The tissue type that acts as a lining of organs, and also serves in absorption and secretion, and conducts gas diffusion is

Back 81

epithelial.

Front 82

The tissue type that provides support, transport, and insulation is

Back 82

connective.

Front 83

The tissue type that receives, processes, and transmits information by providing a communication network among cells is

Back 83

nervous

Front 84

The tissue type that provides contractions that power movement is

Back 84

muscle

Front 85

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is

Back 85

simple squamous.

Front 86

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a multiple layer of flattened cells is

Back 86

stratified squamous.

Front 87

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of cube-shaped cells is

Back 87

simple cuboidal.

Front 88

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is

Back 88

simple columnar.

Front 89

The type of connective tissue that stores lipids in fat cells is

Back 89

adipose.

Front 90

The type of connective tissue with a matrix of fine collagen fibers is

Back 90

cartilage.

Front 91

The type of connective tissue with a mineralized extracellular matrix is

Back 91

bone.

Front 92

The primary function of muscle tissue is

Back 92

contraction

Front 93

Muscle tissue that is under voluntary control and contains cells with many nuclei is

Back 93

skeletal.

Front 94

Muscle tissue that is controlled involuntarily and has no striations is

Back 94

smooth.

Front 95

The systems that coordinate communication are

Back 95

nervous and endocrine.

Front 96

The systems that support and move the body are

Back 96

skeletal and muscular.

Front 97

The systems that work together to protect the body are

Back 97

integumentary, immune, and urinary.

Front 98

The body's first line of defense against disease-causing microorganisms is

Back 98

the intact skin.

Front 99

Blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened cells. Which type of cells line a blood vessel?

Back 99

simple squamous

Front 100

Patients with muscular dystrophy have decreased voluntary motion, while involuntary motions remain normal. Which tissues are affected by muscular dystrophy?

Back 100

skeletal muscle only

Front 101

You are a CSI pathologist performing an autopsy on a known drug dealer who recently died of unknown causes. You need to decide if the death was due to natural causes, or if the drug dealer was murdered. Analysis of the blood revealed elevated urea (acidic) and potassium (a salt). Examination of the kidney reveals scarring and damage to the simple squamous cells in the glomeruli, while the simple cuboidal cells in the tubules are normal. You do a search online and find that heroin use can lead to acute renal failure. You conclude that the death was drug related.

Back 101

secrete and absorb substances

Front 102

An organ is defined as consisting of two or more interacting tissues.

Back 102

True

Front 103

A tissue is defined as a group of interacting cells that provide a specific function.

Back 103

True

Front 104

Epithelial tissues never have a free surface exposed to a space inside the body.

Back 104

False