Bio Exam 2015 #1

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Prokaryotes

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Single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei.

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Eukaryotes

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Have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.

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community

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Sum of populations inhabiting a particular area. (flowers, insects, etc.)

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ecosystem

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consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, non-living parts of the environment such as nitrogen in the soil or rain water.

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7 properties and processes of life

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cellular organization- All living things made of cells.

evolutionary adaptation- an animal's ability to change to its surroundings and survive.

responsiveness- Living things must respond to environment (shivering, sweating)

reproduction- continuation of life for the survival of the organisms.

growth- All living things grow, some fast, some slow.

metabolism- energy processing that are the sum of chemical reactions to provide organism with energy.

homeostasis- When living things maintain a stable internal env't even though there are changes in external env't.

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cell

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smallest structure

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organelle

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any of a number of organized or specialized structure within a living cell.

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molecule

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a group of atoms bonded together

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What are the two major processes included in the dynamics of an ecosystem?

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cycling of nutrients and flow of energy sunlight to producers and consumers.

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What is an organism's basic unit of structure and function?

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Cells are most basic building units of life. New cells are made from preexisting cells.

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ecology

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The study of the interactions of living organisms within their environment.

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4 major abiotic components of climate

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Temperature, Water, Sunlight, Wind

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Biome

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Large areas of land with similar climate, flora, and fauna.

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ecotone

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A region of transition between two biological communities.

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photic zone

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portion of the ocean that light can penetrate.

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pelagic zone

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open-ocean not near the bottom

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abyssal zone

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deepest part of the ocean. Very cold, high pressure, high oxygen, low nutrient.

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pelagic zone

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open-ocean not near the bottom.

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benthic zone

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Extends along the ocean bottom from the shoreline to the deepest parts of the ocean floor

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benthos

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the flora and fauna found at the bottom of a body of water.

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thermocline

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a layer of water with a temperature that is significantly different from that of the surrounding layers.

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turnover

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seasonal process that recycles nutrients and oxygen from the bottom of a freshwater ecosystem to the top of a body of water.

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Why is turnover important in lakes?

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They act to move thenutrients and oxygen at the bottom of deep lakes to the top. Occurs becausewater sinks when it becomes denser when the temperature changes.

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population ecologist

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studies how a population of organismschanges over time and the ways in which that population interacts with otherspecies in the community.

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territoriality

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behavior in defense of anarea against other individual or individuals of the same species.

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allelopathy

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plants or organisms inhibiting others

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cohort

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group of animals of the same species studied over a period of time.

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survivorship curve

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Graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group.

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Three types of survivorship curves:

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Type 1- Human lifetime

Type 2- Lizard and bird lifetime

Type 3- Frog lifetime

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Biology 2040 Exam #1 Fall BGSU