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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
Controls what enters and exists the cell |
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The cell membrane is selectively permeable. What does this mean? |
The cell membrane is selective, not all substance can enter. |
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The cell membrane has ___ layers of _____. |
1. Layers 2. Phospholipids |
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What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic? |
The tails (Hate water) |
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What part of the phospholipid is hydropilic? |
The head. (attracted to water) |
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What is the discription of the cell membrane called? |
Fluid Mosaic |
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What does cholesterol do in the cell membrane? |
It helps the cell stay stable when exposed to temperature changes.
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What is simple diffusion? |
Movement from across areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. This is an example of passive transport, it requires no energy.
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What is facilitated diffusion? |
Happens when a molecule cannot pass freely across the cell membrane. This requires a protein to act as a doorway. |
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What are the types of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion? |
Carrier proteins and channel proteins
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What do carrier Proteins do? |
Help transport large molecules across the cell membrane.
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What do Channel Proteins do? |
Transports IONS across the cell membrane. It can be a simple opening, or they may act like a gate allowing materials to cross when triggered by another molecule.
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What is osmosis? |
The simple diffusion of water across a cell membrane.
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What direction does diffusion move a material?
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From high concentration to low concentration
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How much salt do we contain in our bodies?
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.9%
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Describe hypertonic |
The fluid around the cell has a higher concentration of a material compared to inside the cell. |
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Describe Hypotonic |
The cells surroundings have a lower concentration of dissolved material and a higher concentration of water inside the cell.
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Isotonic
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The cells surrounding have an equal concentration of dissolved material and the water inside the cell.
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What is active transport? |
Requires energy. A common protein pump in a cell membrane is the Na-K pump.
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What chemical does energy come in? |
ATP- Adenosine triphosphate |
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What do you do when the particles are to large to use a protein? |
Bulk membrane transport
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What is bulk membrane transport?
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When the cell folds a section of membrane around the target and engulfs it. A bubble called a vacuole will be formed inside the cell. |
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What is the vacuole contains food? |
The lysosomes will digest it. The waste will be released by having the vacuole attach to the cell membrane and then have the waste pushed out.
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What is it called when particles enter the cell? |
Endocytosis
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What happens when the cell brings in food?
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Phagocytosis
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What happens when fluid enters the cell? |
Pinocytosis
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What happens if the cell brings in specific particles? |
Receptor assisted endocytosis. ex- Cholesterol
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What is the term for removing waste? |
Exocytosis (Requires energy)
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What is the constant source of energy for all living things? |
The sun
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What is the basic unit of all life?
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Cells
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What are the two main processes that are involved in transfer of energy throughout an ecosystem?
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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What is photosynthesis?
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When plants use light energy from the sun, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugars and release oxygen. |
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What are carbohydrates used for in plants? |
1. Help the plant grow
2.Provide glucose to the mitochondria |
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What organelle preforms photosynthesis? |
Chloroplasts
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What is chlorophyll? |
A pigment that gives plants their green color, is needed for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoid discs in the chloroplast. |
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What are the 2 steps in the photosynthesis process? Describe each |
Photo stage- Chlorophyll captures sunlight energy and converts into energy to run the synthesis stage. Oxygen is released in this stage. Synthesis stage-The energy captured in the photo stage is used to combine CO2 and water to make glucose. |
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What is the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis? |
2 degrees to 25 degrees Celsius. |
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Name the four steps in Cellular respiration |
1. Gycolysis- In the cytoplasm, glucose is cut into two, producing two three carbon molecules called a pyruvic acid. (2 ATP made) 2. Pyruvic acid breakdown- Pyruvic acid is broken down and taken to the mitochondria. 3. Krebs Cycle- Further breaks down pyurvic acid. (2 ATP made) 4. Electron Transport Chain- 32 ATP made. |
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How many ATP will one molecule of glucose make? |
36 |
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Where does ATP store energy? |
In the bond between the last 2 phosphates |
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What was the CO2 level in 1850 vs now? |
285 vs 398 |
