9Th Grade Biology Chapter 3

Front 1

Explain Cell Theory

Back 1

Cells are the basic unit of life. The contributions of many scientists led to the discover of cells and the development of the cell theory. Three parts: 1) All organisms are made of cells 2)All cells are produced by other living cells 3)Cells are the basic unit of life

Front 2

Cell Organelles.
What similarities do eukaryotic cells share?

Back 2

1)They have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles that perform special tasks in the cell. 2)Many of the organelles help make proteins 3)Plant and animal cells share many of the same types of organelles, but they both also have organelles that are specific to the cells' unique functions.

Front 3

Explain the cell membrane.

Back 3

The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a cell from it's external environment. 1) It is made of a double layer of phospholipids and a variety of embedded molecules 2)Some of these molecules send out signals and some receive signals 3)The membrane is selectively permeable--it allows some but not all materials to cross

Front 4

Why do materials move across membranes?

Back 4

Because of concentration differences

Front 5

What is diffusion?

Back 5

Diffusion is the movement of molecules that are in fluid or gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It does not require the cell to use energy. It is passive transport.

Front 6

What is osmosis?

Back 6

Osmosis is the diffusion of water into or out of the cell. The amount of water going into and out a cell depends on the concentration of the surrounding solution.

Front 7

If cells need to transport materials across the membrane and these materials can not be diffused, what must the cell use?

Back 7

Energy

Front 8

Name three processes that require the use of energy.

Back 8

1)Active transport
2)Endocytosis
3)Exocytosis

Front 9

What is active transport?

Back 9

The movement of molecules across the membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. It requires the use of energy.

Front 10

What is endocytosis?

Back 10

The movement of substances INTO the cell through vesicles. Endocytosis uses energy.

Front 11

What is exocytosis?

Back 11

The movement of substances OUT OF the cell in vesicles. Exocytosis uses energy.

Front 12

Explain the cell wall.

Back 12

Rigid structure that gives protection, support and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.

Front 13

Define centriole.

Back 13

small cylinder shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle, aids mitosis

Front 14

chloroplast

Back 14

organelle made up of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Chloroplast organelles contain chlorophyll.

Front 15

concentration gradient

Back 15

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Front 16

cytoplasm

Back 16

jellylike substance inside cells that contain molecules and in some cells organelles

Front 17

cytoskeleton

Back 17

network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell

Front 18

How does endocytosis work?

Back 18

liquids or large molecules are taken into the cell by an inward folding of the cell membrane

Front 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 19

interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins

Front 20

eukaryotic cell

Back 20

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Front 21

How does exocytosis work?

Back 21

substances are released from the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane

Front 22

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back 22

diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane

Front 23

fluid mosiac model

Back 23

model that describes the arrangement and movement of molecules that make up a cell membrane

Front 24

golgi apparatus

Back 24

stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins

Front 25

hypertonic

Back 25

solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles when compared with another solution

Front 26

hypotonic

Back 26

solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles when compared to another solution

Front 27

isotonic

Back 27

solution that has an equal amount of dissolved particles when compared with another solution

Front 28

lysosome

Back 28

organelle that contains enzymes

Front 29

mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)

Back 29

bean shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and dna

Front 30

nucleus(plural nuclei)

Back 30

organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as a storehouse for most of the cells DNA

Front 31

What is passive transport?

Back 31

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell

Front 32

What is phagocytosis?

Back 32

Uptake of a solid particle into the cell by engulfing the particle

Front 33

phospholipid

Back 33

molecule that forms a double layered cell membrane, consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group and two fatty acids

Front 34

prokaryotic cell

Back 34

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Front 35

receptor

Back 35

protein that detects/receives a signal molecule and performs an action in response

Front 36

ribosome

Back 36

organelle that links amino acids together to from proteins

Front 37

selective permeability

Back 37

condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane

Front 38

vacuole

Back 38

organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes that are needed by the cell

Front 39

vesicle

Back 39

small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm