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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
Anything that takes up space and has mass. (Pg. 31) |
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Element |
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. (Pg. 31) |
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Compound |
A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. (Pg. 31) |
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Essential Elements |
The elements an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce. (Pg. 32) |
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Trace Elements |
Required by an organism in only minute quantities. (Pg. 32) |
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Atom |
The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. (Pg. 33)
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Neutron |
Subatomic particle with no charge. (Pg. 33) |
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Proton |
Subatomic particle with one unit of positive charge. (Pg. 33) |
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Electron |
Subatomic particle with one unit of negative charge. (Pg. 33) |
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Atomic Nucleus |
A dense core at the center of an atom containing protons and neutrons. (Pg. 33) |
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Mass number |
The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (Pg. 33) |
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Atomic Number |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (Pg. 33) |
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Atomic Mass |
The total mass of an atom. (Pg. 33) |
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Isotope |
A form of an element with a different amount of neutrons than other atoms of the same element. (Pg. 34) |
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Radioactive Isotope |
An isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy. (Pg. 34) |
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Energy |
The capacity to cause change. (Pg. 35) |
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Potential Energy |
The energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure. (Pg. 35) |
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Electron shells |
Locations where electrons are found, each with a characteristic average distance and energy level. (Pg. 35) |
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Valence Electrons |
The electrons in the valence shell. (Pg. 36) |
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Valence Shell |
The outermost electron shell. (Pg. 36) |
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Orbital |
The three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time. (Pg. 37) |
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Chemical Bonds |
An attraction causing atoms to stay close together. (Pg. 38) |
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Covalent Bond |
The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. (Pg. 38) |
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Molecule |
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. (Pg. 38) |
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Single Bond |
A pair of shared electrons. (Pg. 38) |
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Double Bond |
Two pairs of shared electrons. (Pg. 38) |
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Valence |
The bonding capacity of an atom. (Pg. 39) |
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Electronegativity |
The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. (Pg. 39) |
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond |
A chemical bond between two atoms that have the same electronegativity. (Pg. 39) |
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Polar Covalent Bond |
A bond where the electronegativity of both atoms is not the same. (Pg. 39) |
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Ion |
A charged atom. (Pg. 40) |
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Cation |
A positively charged ion. (Pg. 40)
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Anion |
A negatively charged ion. (Pg. 40) |
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Ionic Bond |
An attraction between two oppositely charged atoms. (Pg. 40) |
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Ionic Compounds |
Compounds formed by ionic bonds. (Pg. 40)
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Salts |
Another name for Ionic Compounds. (Pg. 40) |
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Hydrogen Bond |
A noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom. (Pg. 40) |
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Van Der Waals Interactions |
Ever-Changing regions of positive and negative charge that enable all atoms to stick to one another. (Pg. 41) |
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Chemical Reactions |
The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter. (Pg. 42) |
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Reactants |
The starting materials in a chemical reaction. (Pg. 42) |
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Products |
The end result of a chemical reaction. (Pg. 42) |
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Chemical Equillibrium |
When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. (Pg. 43). |
