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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are living organisms distinguished by? |
their ability to reproduce their own kind |
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the transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called: |
heredity or inheritance |
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define genetics |
the scientific study of heredity and variation |
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when offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings this is called: |
variation |
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after fertilization, genes from both parents are present in the nucleus of: |
the fertilized egg or zygote |
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where are DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? |
almost all in the nucleus, tiny amounts in the mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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every living species has a _____ ______ of chromosomes |
characteristic number |
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every chromosome consists of a _____ ____ ______ associated with ____ _____ |
single DNA molecule, various proteins |
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each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes, each at a specific: |
locus |
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only organisms that reproduce _____ can produce offspring that are exact copies of themselves |
asexually |
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single celled eukaryotes can reproduce asexually by ____ _____ _____ to produce two genetically identical _____ _____ |
mitotic cell division, daughter cells |
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some multicellular eukaryotes, like ______, can reproduce by _______, producing a mass of cells by _______ |
hydra, budding, mitosis |
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an individual that reproduces asexually gives rise to a ______, a group of genetically identical individuals |
clone |
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members of a clone may be genetically different as a result of: |
mutation |
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what is sexual reproduction? |
two parents produce offspring that have unique combinations of genes inhererited from the two parents |
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homologous chromosomes have the same ____, ______ _____ and ______ _____ |
length, centromere position, staining pattern |
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images of the 46 human chromosomes can be arranged in pairs in order of size to produce a _______ display |
karyotype |
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what are somatic cells? |
all other cells that are not reproductive cells |
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X and Y are the exception to the general pattern of homologous chromosomes in human somatic cells. they are called: |
sex chromosomes |
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the 22 other pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called: |
autosomes |
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"n" is referred to: |
the number of chromosomes in a single set |
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what is a diploid cell? |
any cell with two sets of chromosomes, and has a diploid number of chromosomes, abbreviated as 2n |
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gametes have: |
only one set of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and an X, and 22 autosomes and an X or Y |
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what is a haploid? |
a gamete with a single chromosome set, abbreviated as n |
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when a haploid sperm cell fuses with a haploid ovum this is called: _____ resulting in ______ |
syngamy, fertilization |
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what is a zygote? |
a fertilized egg |
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what is the characteristic of a zygote? |
it is diploid because it contains two haploid sets of chromosomes, genes from each parent |
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gametes which develop in the _____, are not produced by _____ |
gonads, mitosis |
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gametes undergo the process of ______ in which the chromosome number is ______ |
meiosis, halved |
