Bhc Rad Unit 2

Front 1

How many phalanges are in each hand?

Back 1

14

Front 2

How many metacarpals are in each hand?

Back 2

5

Front 3

How many carpals are in each wrist?

Back 3

8

Front 4

How many bones are in total in each hand and wrist?

Back 4

27

Front 5

Name the two portions of the first digit?

Back 5

Proximal Phalanx

Distal Phalanx

Front 6

Name the three portions of each finger?

Back 6

Proximal, middle and distal phalanx

Front 7

Name the 3 parts of each phalanx?

Back 7

Head, body and base.

Front 8

Name the 3 parts of each metacarpal starting proximally.

Back 8

Base, body and head

Front 9

Name the joint between proximal and distal phalanges of first digit.

Back 9

Interphalangeal joint.

Front 10

What is the largest carpal bone?

Back 10

Capitate

Front 11

What is the name of the hooklike process extending anteriorly from the Hamate?

Back 11

Hamulus or hamular process

Front 12

Name the carpal bones.

Back 12

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.

Front 13

In anatomic position, which bone of the forearm is lateral and which is medial.

Back 13

Radius is lateral and ulna is medial.

Front 14

Which joint permits the forearm to rotate during pronation?

Back 14

Proximal radioulnar joint.

Front 15

The articular portion of the medial aspect of the distal humerus is called the _________?

Back 15

Trochlea

Front 16

The articular process of the lateral aspect of the distal humerus is called the __________?

Back 16

Capitulum

Front 17

The deep depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus is the __________?

Back 17

Olecranon Fossa

Front 18

Name the concentric arcs at the distal end of the humerus.

Back 18

Trochlear Sulcus

Ridge of Capitulum

Ridge of Trochlea

Trochlear Notch of Ulna

Front 19

What type are the interphalangeal and elbow joints?

Back 19

Ginglymus

Front 20

What type are the radiocarpal and metacarpalphalangeal of 2nd to 5th digits?

Back 20

Ellipsoidal

Front 21

What type is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Back 21

Trochoidal

Front 22

What type are the intercarpal joints?

Back 22

Plane

Front 23

What type is the carpometacarpal of the first digit?

Back 23

Sellar

Front 24

Which ligament of the wrist extends from the styloid process of the radius to the lateral aspect of the scaphoid and trapezium bones?

Back 24

Radial Collateral Ligament

Front 25

What is the name of the two special turning or bending positions of the hand and wrist that demonstrate medial and lateral aspects of the carpal region?

Back 25

Radial and Ulnar Deviation

Front 26

Which position is commonly performed to detect a fracture of the scaphoid bone?

Back 26

Ulnar Deviation

Front 27

How does the forearm appear radiographically if pronated for a PA projection?

Back 27

Radius crosses proximally over ulna.

Front 28

Name the 2 fat stripes or bands around the wrist.

Back 28

Scaphoid Fat Stripe

Pronator Fat Stripe

Front 29

The fat pads around the elbow are visible in an image if what 3 technical requirements are met in the lateral position?

Back 29

Elbow flexed at 90 degrees

True lateral position

Optimum exposure techniques

Front 30

True/False: Excessive kV may obscure the visibility of a fat pad?

Back 30

True

Front 31

Which routine projections best demonstrate the scaphoid fat pad?

Back 31

PA and Oblique Wrist

Front 32

Which routine projection best demonstrates the pronator fat stripe?

Back 32

Lateral

Front 33

What is the proper kV range for upper limb radiography?

Back 33

50-70 Analog

60-80 Digital

Front 34

What is the proper SID for upper limb radiography?

Back 34

40 inches

Front 35

Grids are used if the body part is greater than __________ cm.

Back 35

10

Front 36

Small to medium plaster casts increase kV______.

Back 36

5-7

Front 37

Large plaster casts increase kV______.

Back 37

8-10

Front 38

Fiberglass casts increase kV ______.

Back 38

3-4

Front 39

Correctly exposed radiographs visualize what 2 things?

Back 39

Soft Tissue Margins

Traebecular Markings of All Bones

Front 40

What is the general rule for collimation for upper limb radiography?

Back 40

Collimation borders should be visualized on all 4 sides if IR is large enough, without cutting off essential anatomy.

Front 41

_________ Is a radiographic procedure that uses contrast media injected into the joint capsule to visualize soft tissue pathology of wrist, elbow and shoulder joints.

Back 41

Arthrography

Front 42

What is the routine positioning routine for 2nd through 5th digits?

Back 42

PA, PA Oblique and Lateral

Front 43

How much of the metacarpals should be included for PA projection of the digits?

Back 43

Distal half of metacarpal.

Front 44

What 2 radiographic criteria are used to determine whether rotation is present on the PA projection of the digits?

Back 44

Symmetric appearance of both sides of phalanges and distal metacarpals.

Equal tissue on both sides of phalanges.

Front 45

Where is the central ray centered for PA oblique projection of the second digit?

Back 45

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)

Front 46

Why is it important to keep affected digit parallel to the IR for PA oblique and lateral projections?

Back 46

Prevent distortion of phalanx.

Demonstrate small, nondisplaced fractures near the joint.

Prevent distortion of joints.

Front 47

Why is the AP projection of the thumb recommended instead of PA?

Back 47

Results in decrease in OID.

Front 48

What IR size should be used for a thumb projection?

Back 48

8x10

Front 49

A sesamoid bone is frequently found adjacent to the ____________ joint of the thumb.

Back 49

Metacarpophalangeal

Front 50

True/False: The entire metacarpal and trapezium must be demonstrated on all projections of the thumb?

Back 50

True

Front 51

Where is the CR centered for an AP thumb?

Back 51

First MCP

Front 52

Describe a Bennett's fracture.

Back 52

Fracture at the base of the first metacarpal.

Front 53

Which special positioning method can be performed to demonstrate a Bennett's fracture?

Back 53

AP Axial - Modified Robert's

Front 54

What degree of CR angulation is required with Modified Roberts - AP Axial Thumb?

Back 54

15 degrees angled proximally (toward wrist.)

Front 55

A minimum of _______ inches and _______ cm of the forearm should be included radiographically for a PA projection of the hand.

Back 55

1, 2.5

Front 56

True/False: Slight superimposition of distal 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals may occur with a well positioned PA oblique projection of the hand?

Back 56

True

Front 57

Which preferred lateral position of the hand best demonstrates the phalanges without excessive superimposition?

Back 57

Fan Lateral

Front 58

Which lateral projection best demonstrates a possible foreign body in the palm of the hand?

Back 58

Extension Lateral

Front 59

What is the proper name of the ball-catchers position?

Back 59

Nogaard

Front 60

The Nogaard position is commonly used to evaluate for early signs of _______?

Back 60

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 61

The elbow should generally be flexed _________ degrees for routine positions of the wrist?

Back 61

90

Front 62

How much rotation is required for an oblique projection of the wrist?

Back 62

45

Front 63

Which alternative projection of the routine PA wrist best demonstrates the intercarpal joint spaces and wrist joint?

Back 63

AP

Front 64

What positioning error is involved if a majority of the carpal bones are superimposed in a PA oblique wrist projection?

Back 64

Excessive lateral rotation of wrist or forearm.

Front 65

How many degrees are the hand and wrist elevated from the IR for the modified Stecher method?

Back 65

20 degrees

Front 66

How much central ray angulation to the long axis of the hand is required for the carpal canal projection?

Back 66

25-30

Front 67

Which special projection of the wrist best demonstrates the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist between the lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, and hamate bones?

Back 67

PA Projection with Radial Deviation

Front 68

Which special projection of the wrist helps rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus?

Back 68

Carpal Canal - Tangenital

Inferiosuperior Projection

Front 69

How much CR angulation from the long axix of the forearm is required for the carpal bridge (tangential) projection?

Back 69

45 degrees

Front 70

The hand and wrist form a _________ degree angle to the forearm with the carpal bridge (Tangential) projection.

Back 70

90 degree

Front 71

Describe Barton's fracture.

Back 71

Fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of the distal radius.

Front 72

What is the most common type of primary malignant tumor occurring in bone?

Back 72

Multiple Myeloma

Front 73

What disease results in reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue?

Back 73

Osteoporosis

Front 74

Describe Skier's Thumb.

Back 74

Sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament.

Front 75

What condition results in an abnormality of the cartilage affecting long bones?

Back 75

Achondroplasia

Front 76

Describe Boxer's fracture.

Back 76

Transverse fracture of the 5th metacarpal.

Front 77

What hereditary condition is marked by abnormally dense bone?

Back 77

Osteopetrosis

Front 78

Describe Colle's fracture.

Back 78

Transverse fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement of fragment.

Front 79

What disease results in narrowing of joint space with periosteal growths on the joint margins?

Back 79

Osteoarthritis

Front 80

A fluid filled joint space with possible calcification.

Back 80

Bursitis

Front 81

What causes possible calcification in the carpal sulcus?

Back 81

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Front 82

What disease presents as soft tissue swelling and loss of fat-pad detal visibility?

Back 82

Osteopetrosis

Front 83

What presents as mixed areas of sclerotic and cortical thickening along with radiolucent lesions?

Back 83

Osteomyelitis

Front 84

Increase or decrease manual exposure factors in the case of Advanced Paget's disease?

Back 84

Increase

Front 85

Increase or decrease manual exposure factors in the case of advanced rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 85

Decrease

Front 86

Increase or decrease manual exposure factors in the case of osteoporosis?

Back 86

Decrease

Front 87

Increase or decrease manual exposure factors in the case of osteopetrosis?

Back 87

Increase

Front 88

Which routine projections are required for study of the forearm?

Back 88

AP and Lateral

Front 89

True/False: For a forearm study, the technologist needs to include only the joint closest to the site of the injury?

Back 89

False

Front 90

To properly position the patient for an AP projection of the elbow, the epicondyles must be placed how in relation to the IR?

Back 90

Parallel

Front 91

If the patient cannot fully extend the elbow for the AP projection, what alternative projection should be performed?

Back 91

2 AP projections. One with humerus parallel to IR and one with forearm parallel to IR.

Front 92

Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head, neck, and tuberosity with slight (if any) superimposition of the ulna?

Back 92

AP Oblique with Lateral Rotation

Front 93

What projection of the elbow best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile?

Back 93

AP Oblique with Medial Rotation

Front 94

What is the best position to evaluate the posterior fat pads of the elbow joint?

Back 94

Lateral - Lateromedial projection with elbow flexed 90 degrees.

Front 95

How much is the upper limb flexed for a lateral oblique projection of the elbow?

Back 95

45 degrees

Front 96

How much and in what direction should CR be angled for the trauma axial projection (Coyle's Method) involving the radial head?

Back 96

45 degrees proximally (towards shoulder.)

Front 97

How much and in what direction should the CR be angled for the trauma axial projection (Coyle's Method) involving the coronoid process?

Back 97

45 degrees distally (away from shoulder.)

Front 98

What is the amount of elbow flexion required for the Coyle's method to demonstrate the coronoid process?

Back 98

80 degrees

Front 99

What is the difference between the 4 radial head lateral projections of the elbow?

Back 99

1. Palm up.

2. Palm true lateral with thumb up.

3. Hand pronated.

4. Internal rotation of hand with thumb down.

Front 100

Which carpal articulates with the base of the thumb?

Back 100

Trapiezium

Front 101

Which carpal is most commonly fractured?

Back 101

Scaphoid

Front 102

Which two carpal bones are located most anteriorly as seen on lateral wrist radiograph?

Back 102

Scaphoid and trapezium.

Front 103

Which bone contains the coronoid process?

Back 103

Ulna

Front 104

The radius articulates with which part of the humerus?

Back 104

Capitulum

Front 105

Which parts of the ulna and humerus articulate together?

Back 105

Trochlear notch of ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus.

Front 106

What type of rotation is necessary in the forearm to prevent superimposition of the radial tuberosity over the ulna?

Back 106

Lateral rotation

Front 107

Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the second digit?

Back 107

Affected PIP joint.

Front 108

Where is the CR placed for a PA hand?

Back 108

Third MCP

Front 109

Radial deviation of the wrist allows better viewing of which carpals?

Back 109

Lunate, triquetrum, pisiform and hamate.

Front 110

Ulnar deviation of the wrist allows better viewing of which carpal?

Back 110

Scaphoid

Front 111

In anatomic position, which part of the ulna is proximal and posterior?

Back 111

Olecranon Process

Front 112

In anatomic position, which part of the ulna is proximal and anterior?

Back 112

Coronoid Process

Front 113

What is the most distal part of the ulna?

Back 113

Ulnar Styloid

Front 114

The humerus articulates proximally with the _________ of the scapula.

Back 114

Glenoid Fossa

Front 115

Rotation of the humerus internally or externally places it in true AP, or frontal position?

Back 115

External

Front 116

When the humerus is in true AP position, where are the lesser and greater tubercles located?

Back 116

Lesser is located anteriorly and the greater is located laterally.

Front 117

What are the two names for the groove between the greater and lesser tubercles?

Back 117

Intertubercular or bicipital groove.

Front 118

Alternate name for scaphoid.

Back 118

Navicular

Front 119

Alternate name for lunate.

Back 119

Semilunar

Front 120

Alternate name for triquetrum

Back 120

Triangular or cuniform

Front 121

Alternate name for trapezium

Back 121

Greater multanger

Front 122

Alternate name for trapezoid.

Back 122

Lesser multanger

Front 123

Alternate name for capitate

Back 123

Os magnum

Front 124

Alternate name for hamate

Back 124

Unciform

Front 125

What is the reason for using breathing technique during transthoracic lateral projection?

Back 125

Helps to blur internal organs which may obscure the humerus.

Front 126

How should the epicondyles appear in relation to the CR and IR respectively for an AP humerus projection?

Back 126

Perpendicular to the CR and parallel to the IR

Front 127

What can be done to reduce the risk of excessive radiation to breast tissue in an AP humerus projection?

Back 127

Abduct affected arm slightly.

Front 128

What are the essential projections for the humerus?

Back 128

AP, Lateral and Transthoracic Lateral