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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the golgi apparatus do?
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Packages NT
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What do lysosomes do?
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Clean up debri
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What does the membrane do?
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Provides a double layer and selective permeablility
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What is cytoskeleton made up of?
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Proteins: microtubles
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What is cell to terminal buttons called?
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anterograde
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What is terminal button to cell called?
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retrograde
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What is a nerve?
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multiple axons running together in a bundle
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What is white matter in the brain made of?
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Axons
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What is gray matter in the brain made of?
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Soma/cell bodies
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What is a cluster of cell bodies in CNS called?
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Nucleus
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What are axons white?
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Myelin sheath
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What is the myelin sheath made of?
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lipids for speed
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What is CNS?
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Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord Nerves don't grow back |
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PNS?
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All else in body
Nerves do grow back |
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What are glial cells?
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Glue for CNS make up 90%
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What are 4 jobs of glial cells?
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1)hold neurons in place
2)control supply of nutrients 3)insulate neurons 4)destroy/remove debris |
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What are 3 types of glial cells?
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1)astrocytes
2)oligodendrocyte 3)microglia |
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What do astrocytes do?
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phagocytosis, create nutrition for neurons by breaking down glucose to lactaid, structural support (scar tissue)
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What do oligodentdrocytes do?
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1 wraps around multiple neurons to make myelin sheath in CNS
Schwann cells PNS 1 cell for each neuron |
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What do microglia do?
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Stop invading cells for immune system
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What is the blood brain barrier?
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Cappillaires keep out toxins and white blood cells. semi permeable
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What is area postrema?
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Tests for toxins and causes vomiting if too much
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What are ventricles?
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Where area posterma is located and holds cerebro spinal fluid
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What is resting charge of a neruon?
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-70
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What are positive ions called?
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Cations
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What are negative ions called?
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Anions
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When neuron becomes less negative....
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depolarization (EPSP)
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When neuron becomes more negative....
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hyperpolarizaion (IPSP)
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Define action potential
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rapid reversal of membrane potential (inside becomes positive compared to outside)
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What is diffusion?
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ions move high to low concentration
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What is electrostatic pressure?
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charge of ions
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What are 2 forces acting on ions?
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Diffusion and electrostatic pressure
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What are important ions in depolarization?
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Cl- Chloride
K+ Potassium Na+ Sodium |
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What does Cl- do?
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More on outside, so it moves in. Balanced at rest.
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What does K+ do?
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more on inside, diffusion wants out.
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What does Na+ do?
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More on outside, so wants in. Goes in first and helps polarize neuron.
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Sodium potassium pump?
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2 K+ in for every 3 Na+ out.
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Is Cl- EPSP or IPSP?
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IPSP
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Is K+ EPSP or IPSP?
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IPSP
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Is Na+ EPSP or IPSP?
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EPSP
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What is a synapse on dendrite called?
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axodendritic synapse
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What is a synapse on cell body called?
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axosomatic synapse
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What is a synapse on axon called?
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axoaxonic synapse
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What keeps things aligned in post synaptic cleft?
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Filaments
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What are two types of vesicles?
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Peptide=big
Dopamine=small |
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What are three types of vesicles in order of use?
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1.Ready Release 1%
2.Recycling 10-15% 3. Reserve 80-85% |
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What helps bind and dock vessicles?
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Proteins
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Why is calcium important in release of NT?
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Opens voltage gated channels
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What is anything that binds to receptor sites that is naturally occurring called?
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Ligand
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What are the types of reuptake?
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1.Kiss and run
2.Merge and recycle 3.Bulk endocytosis |
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What is direct activation of a receptor site?
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Ionotropic
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What is indirect activation of a receptor site?
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Metabotropic
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Describe ionotropic
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NT binds to receptor site and opens channels for EPSP or IPSP
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Describe metabotropic
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1. NT binds to receptor -->activates g protein that breaks off and starts chain of ion channels opening
2. actiavtes enzyme that produces 2nd messenger that opens ion channels than does other stuff |
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What is an advantage of each forms of metabotropic?
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1. Slower, allows for varied behavior
2. 1 event that leads to many actions |
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Where does neuron communication switch and how?
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At synapse goes from electrical to chemical
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Where does neural integration occur?
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Axon hillock- where soma and axon merge
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What are 2 ways to stop NT binding?
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1. Reuptake
2. Ach and AchE |
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Describe reuptake.
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Removal of NT from cleft. Floats in cytoplasm until proteins put them in recycled and ready vessicles.
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What is difference between hormones and NT?
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Hormones are a global, body wide message while NT are a local one.
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Describe the neruons feed back loop
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Auto recpetors located on TB regulate how much NT is made and released.
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What are the three levels of communication?
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1. Neurotransmitter- 1 to 1 communication
2. Neuromodeulator- travels further than NT 3. Hormones- travel to whole body |
