Bbc: Pharm Ch 39-45

Front 1

What are adreneric drugs?

Back 1

drugs that stimulate the SNS => alpha and beta receptors

Front 2

Stimulating this receptor leads to:
1. VC
2. inc peripheral resistance
3. inc BP
4. mydriasis
5. inc internal bladder sphincter tone

What is it?

Back 2

alpha - 1 receptor

Front 3

The stimulation of this receptor causes dec NE release and dec insuling released...what is it?

Back 3

alpha -2

Front 4

Stimulation of this receptor causes
1. tachy
2. inc cardiac contraction
3. inc lipolysis
what is it?

Back 4

beta-1 receptor

Front 5

Stimulation of this receptor causes
1. VD
2. small dec in total peripheral resistance
3. bronchoconstriction
4. inc gluconeogenesis
5. inc glycogen release
6. relaxes uterus

what is it?

Back 5

Beta-two receptors

Front 6

Which dopamine receptor causes renal and mesenteric VD?

Back 6

D1

Front 7

Which dopamine receptor dec NE release?

Back 7

D2

Front 8

What are some adverse rxns of alpha blockers? 4

Back 8

1. orthohypotension
2. reflex tachy
3. vertigo
4. dec ejaculation

Front 9

What is Phentolamine? When is it used?

Back 9

- used in HTN crisis
- dx pheochromocytoma

non selective alpha blocker

Front 10

What are 2 alpha 1 blockers and what are they used for? 2 and 1 side effect?

Back 10

1. Prazosin
2. Terazosin

-HTN
-BPH = dec tone of prostatic urethral smooth m.

1. syncope = first dose

Front 11

What drug may be used to treat opiate or benzo withdrawal b/c it dec SNS outflow and dec blood pressure?

Back 11

Clonidine a central alpha 2 agonist

Front 12

What are 2 beta-2 agonist and their uses?

Back 12

1. Terbutaline - asthma and dec premature uterine contractions
2. Albuterol - asthma

Front 13

Why can dopamine be used in shock pts?

Back 13

- acts as a pressor to raise BP and stimulates D1 receptors
- keeps renal and mesenteric arteries patent
- inc inotropy

Front 14

What are cholinesterase inhibitors? 4 examples

Back 14

inhibits the enzyme that degrades ACh, allowing it to have a prolonged effect and inc PNS stimulation

1. Physostigmine
2. Neostigmine
3. Edrophonium
4. Organophosphates

Front 15

What 2 drugs may be used to treat myasthenia gravis with durations of actions 2-4 hrs? What effect do they have on the GI and bladder?

Back 15

1. Physostigmine
2. Neostigmine

- inc motility of the GI and bladder

Front 16

What is used to treat overdoses with tricyclic antidepressants and atropine?

Back 16

Physostigmine

Front 17

What cholinesterase inhibitor has the unfortunate side effect of spastic paralysis?

Back 17

Neostigmine b/c of its inc action of skeletal m.

Front 18

what drug is used to dx myasthenia gravis? What is an adverse rxn? how is it tx-ed?

Back 18

- Edrophonium

- cholinergic crisis

- atropine is the antidote

Front 19

What drug is used for insecticides, nerve gas, and closed angle glaucoma? What is the antidote?

Back 19

1. organophosphates

Antidote = Atropine or pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Front 20

What receptors are stimulated by direct cholinergic drugs? Major adverse rxns? 5

Back 20

Muscarinic receptors
1. diaphoresis (sweating)
2. flushing
3. inc urinary urgency
4. N
5. D

Front 21

What direct cholinergic drug is used for an atonic bladder ?

Back 21

Bethanechol - esp postpartum to inc the bladder's tonicity

Front 22

What direct cholinergic is used to treat acute angle glaucoma and how does it do this? And what is another drug with similar action but last like WAY longer?

Back 22

Pilocarpine -causes miosis allowing for better drainage of the aqueous humor through the canals of Schlemm

- Carbachol

Front 23

What is atropine and Scopolamine?

Back 23

anti-muscarinic drugs that block M receptors and keep ACh from binding

Front 24

What is Atropine? 3 Actions? Where does it work?

Back 24

- M blocker

- belladonna alkaloid

1. reverse brady
2. reduces hyperactive bladder
3. dilates the eye - mydriasis

kind of induces SNS like effects by blocking PNS

centrally and peripherally

Front 25

What are the adverse effects of Atropine? 8

Back 25

1. urinary retention
2. dry mouth
3. blurred vision
4. sandy eyes
5. tachycardia
6. constipation
7. confusion
8. glaucoma attack

Front 26

What is Scopolamine? tx? side effects?

Back 26

- belladonna alkaloid, an anti-muscarinic drug with more central effect

- treats motion sickness

- side effects short term memory block plus all other of atropine => glaucome, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth, etc.

Front 27

What are antinicotinic drugs? examples? 3

Back 27

block cholineric (ACh) transmission between motor nerve endings and nicotinic receptors and produce complete muscle relaxation

1. Tubocurarine
2. Pancuronium
3. Succinylcholine

Front 28

What is Tubocurarine? What muscles does it affect first? antidote?

Back 28

non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic blocker

- effects small rapid muscle then larger ones

antidotes are cholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine or edrophonium

Front 29

What is a depolarizing anti-nicotinic blocker that acts like ACh binding at the ACh receptor ? uses? 3

Back 29

Succinylcholine
- with persistence at the receptor flaccid paralysis occurs

1. endotracheal intubation
2. electroconvulsive shock
3. surgery

Front 30

Succinylcholine adverse effects? 2

Back 30

1. apnea
2. malignant hyperthermia

Front 31

What is malignant hyperthermia? What is the tx for it? How does it tx it?

Back 31

- may be caused by succinylcholine

malignant hyperthermia - causing Ca to be released and muscles to become rigid => muscle generate heat => hyperpyrexia

- tx with dantrolene that blocks Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 32

What combination of drugs with succinylcholine inc the risk of malignant hyperthermia? 3

Back 32

1. Halothane
2. Aminoglycosides
3. Ca channel blockers

Front 33

what are the drug form of estrogen sec hormones? 4

Back 33

1. Diethylstibestrol (DES)
2. Ethinyl estradiol - strongest
3. Estrone
4. Mestranol

Front 34

What are the indications for estrogen sex hormone use and the side effects involved? 3 uses and 3 side affects

Back 34

1. contraception
2. hormone replacement therapy
3. replacement in deficienct individuals

Side effects:
1. N/V
2. DES (no longer used) inc carcinoma in daughters of women who took it
3. inc endometrial cancer

Front 35

What are the types of Progesterone sex hormone used and what are its uses? How does it work?

Back 35

1. Hydroxyprogesterone
2. Norethindrone
3. Norgestrel

Works to maintian the endometrium inhibiting gonadotropin release, normally in response to LH

1. Contraception
2. Endometriosis

Front 36

Side effects of Progesterone sex hormones? 5

Back 36

1. wt gain
2. depression
3. hirsutism
4. LDL;HDL ratio often inc
5. acne risk inc

Front 37

Combo pills are normally made of what?

Back 37

1. Ethinyl estradiol

AND

1. Levonorgestrel
2. Norethindrone
3. Norgestrol