44. There is a recently discovered hormone known as Ghrelin. 1) Please explain the role this hormone is thought to play in the weight loss that occurs after stomach-reduction surgery. 2) Please analyze and decide for yourself whether it plays a decisive role, or not. (6pts) After stomach reduction surgery, the stomach would “stretch” even with a small amount of food, and therefore signal the release of the leptin hormone, which counters the ghrelin hormone, that stimulated the hunger in the first place. Although some studies report ghrelin reduction following weight loss surgery, most studies find no significant difference in ghrelin secretion. Some studies show that gastric bypass is associated with suppressed ghrelin levels,
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Epinephrine has its uses, but over time it seems associated with more problems than benefits. No example is clearer than the problems it causes with the heart and the cardiovascular system. With this as background, please research and explain the “beta-blockers” 1)What are they, and what do they do? 2) Where are the different types of beta adrenergic recepteor found? 3) How do these various beta-blockers relate to the actions of adrenaline and its associates? 4)What are the two newest beta-blockers?
According to the American Heart Association, beta blockers are drugs that slow the heartbeat, lessen the force with which the heart muscle contracts and reduce blood vessel contraction in the heart, brain and throughout the body. As the Texas Heart Institute points out, the beta blocker class includes both selective and nonselective beta blockers. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body's beta receptors. Selective beta blockers primarily block the beta one receptor, which is responsible for heart rate and strength of the heartbeat, explains the Texas Heart Institute. Nonselective beta blockers also block the beta two receptor, which is responsible for the function of smooth muscles (muscles that control automatic body functions). Beta blockers are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, and post myocardial …show more content…
Due to some injuries or viral diseases, the hypothalamus or pituitary gland get damaged and might be rendered unable to produce the hormone vasopressin. In some, the kidneys might have defect or be damaged due to certain reasons resulting in inability to respond to vasopressin. This lack of vasopressin or inability to respond to vasopressin causes the body to lose water through excessive urination. This is known as diabetes insipidus. Diabetes mellitus varies from diabetes insipidus mainly in the hormone involved. When it comes to diabetes mellitus, the hormone involved is insulin, secreted by pancreas, which is absorbed by the cells in our body as a message to use glucose present in the blood. When pancreas is unable to secrete insulin or when the cells in our body develop resistance to insulin, the glucose in the blood will not be utilized. This is known as diabetes mellitus. In those who are suffering from diabetes insipidus, excess urination results in increasing the concentration of salts or electrolytes present in the body. This is known as hypernatremia. In diabetes mellitus, since the body cannot process the glucose present in blood, there is either excess glucose present in the blood or very low levels of glucose present in blood because of physical activity or insulin intake, though this is when there is no proper control of blood sugar and
Epinephrine has its uses, but over time it seems associated with more problems than benefits. No example is clearer than the problems it causes with the heart and the cardiovascular system. With this as background, please research and explain the “beta-blockers” 1)What are they, and what do they do? 2) Where are the different types of beta adrenergic recepteor found? 3) How do these various beta-blockers relate to the actions of adrenaline and its associates? 4)What are the two newest beta-blockers?
According to the American Heart Association, beta blockers are drugs that slow the heartbeat, lessen the force with which the heart muscle contracts and reduce blood vessel contraction in the heart, brain and throughout the body. As the Texas Heart Institute points out, the beta blocker class includes both selective and nonselective beta blockers. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body's beta receptors. Selective beta blockers primarily block the beta one receptor, which is responsible for heart rate and strength of the heartbeat, explains the Texas Heart Institute. Nonselective beta blockers also block the beta two receptor, which is responsible for the function of smooth muscles (muscles that control automatic body functions). Beta blockers are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, and post myocardial …show more content…
Due to some injuries or viral diseases, the hypothalamus or pituitary gland get damaged and might be rendered unable to produce the hormone vasopressin. In some, the kidneys might have defect or be damaged due to certain reasons resulting in inability to respond to vasopressin. This lack of vasopressin or inability to respond to vasopressin causes the body to lose water through excessive urination. This is known as diabetes insipidus. Diabetes mellitus varies from diabetes insipidus mainly in the hormone involved. When it comes to diabetes mellitus, the hormone involved is insulin, secreted by pancreas, which is absorbed by the cells in our body as a message to use glucose present in the blood. When pancreas is unable to secrete insulin or when the cells in our body develop resistance to insulin, the glucose in the blood will not be utilized. This is known as diabetes mellitus. In those who are suffering from diabetes insipidus, excess urination results in increasing the concentration of salts or electrolytes present in the body. This is known as hypernatremia. In diabetes mellitus, since the body cannot process the glucose present in blood, there is either excess glucose present in the blood or very low levels of glucose present in blood because of physical activity or insulin intake, though this is when there is no proper control of blood sugar and