B&b Quiz 3: Movement Disorders

Front 1

Bradykinesia

Back 1

Slowness of movement

Front 2

Hyperkinesia

Back 2

Increased involuntary movement

Front 3

Parkinsonism

Back 3

Clinical triad of bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability seen most commonly in Parkinson's disease

Front 4

Chorea

Back 4

Involuntary irregular, asymmetric movements that are random and continuous - "dance-like" flow from one muscle group to next.

Front 5

Athetosis

Back 5

Involuntary slow twisting and writhing movments that typically involve more distal musculature - "snake-like"

Front 6

Parkinson's Disease

Back 6

Movement disorder characterized by resting tremors, cogwheel rigidity, expressionless face, postural instability, soft voice, small handwriting, autonomic dysfunction, depression. Starts unilateral

Front 7

Parkinson's epidemiology

Back 7

6th/8th decades of life; men > women

Front 8

Substantia Nigra

Back 8

Part of the midbrain that is involved in movement which appears dark due to neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons

Front 9

what happens w/ Parkinson's

Back 9

The indirect pathway inhibits the cortex and the SNc inhibits the indirect pathway. Degeneration of the SNc in PD therefore results in decreased inhibition of an inhibitory pathway to the motor cortex.

Front 10

Parkinson's mechanism

Back 10

SNC degen >> Less stimulation of striatum >> Less inhibition of the globus pallidus interna/substantia nigra pars reticularis >> more inhibition of the thalamus >> Less stimulation of the motor cortex.

Front 11

Huntington's Disease

Back 11

AD disorder characterized by involuntary movements, deterioration of cognitive function, and emotional disturbances. Sx usually present by age 40, most common in whites. TNT repeat disorder.

Front 12

Huntington's

Back 12

atrophy of caudate nucleus, enlarged lateral ventricles

Front 13

Spinocerebellar Ataxias

Back 13

Group of genetic disorders which lead to dysfunction of the cerebellum and an inability to do motor tasks smoothly

Front 14

Friedrich Ataxia

Back 14

AR. Most common type of spinocerebellar degeneration, with symptoms beginning before age 25 and including ataxia of limbs, dysarthria, extensor plantar reflexes and other systemic manifestations. Cerebellar inflow disorder, secondary degeneration of DC, LCST, spinocerebellar.

Front 15

Dysarthria

Back 15

Motor dysfunction of speech due to dysfunction of neurologic input to muscles involved with speaking

Front 16

Action tremor

Back 16

Any tremor that occurs with voluntary contraction of the muscle and can be further divided into postural and intention tremor

Front 17

Intention tremor

Back 17

Any tremor that occurs during purposeful movements and disappears during rest

Front 18

Postural tremor

Back 18

A tremor which occurs when maintaining upright posture and resolves with rest

Front 19

Cerebellar tremor

Back 19

A coarse tremor that is worse at the end of purposeful movements

Front 20

Rest tremor

Back 20

A tremor which occurs at rest and is improved with purposeful movement

Front 21

Physiologic tremor

Back 21

High frequency, low amplitude tremor, which occurs in normal individuals

Front 22

Ballismus

Back 22

Violent, involuntary flailing of the extremities

Front 23

Tic

Back 23

Rapid, random, involuntary movements that the patient may be able to temporarily suppress

Front 24

Dystonia

Back 24

sustained, involuntary muscle contractions that cause twisting or abnormal postures.

Front 25

Ataxia

Back 25

Lack of voluntary coordination of motor function

Front 26

Tardive dyskinesia

Back 26

Hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by chronic use of dopamine antgonists that commonly involves the mouth and tongue.

Front 27

Tourette's syndrome

Back 27

Tic disorder with motor and vocal tics, starts before 18. CBT and meds.

Front 28

Wilson's disease

Back 28

Hereditary disease of copper metabolism which causes liver disease and movement disorders

Front 29

Essential tremor

Back 29

Postural/Action tremor that worsens w/ sustained posture (such as holding the arms outstretched) as well as with purposeful movement and abates with rest. Trouble w/ brushing teeth, drinking out of cup. ET is typically symmetrical and more often involves the voice, jaw, and head. **improves w/ alcohol

Front 30

treating ET

Back 30

Beta blocker like propranolol, anticonvulsant mysoline.