Bacteria Enumeration

Front 1

Bacillus cereus and anthracis; Clostridium - tetani, botulinum, perfringens, difficile

Back 1

Spore formers

Front 2

These rascals may microscopically lack color - treponema, ricketssiae, mycobacterium, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydiae

Back 2

Bacteria not seen in gram stain

Front 3

Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 3

Largest medically significant bacteria

Front 4

BLT - Borrelia, Lepstospira, Treponema

Back 4

Spirochetes

Front 5

Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Peroxidase

Back 5

Enzymes needed to survive aerobic environment

Front 6

Tetanospasmin

Back 6

Protease that cleaves proteins involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

Front 7

Botulinum toxin

Back 7

Heat labile neurotoxin that blocks acetylcholine release causing descending pattern flaccid paralysis

Front 8

Triad of Botulism

Back 8

Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis with prominent bulbar involvement, absence of fever, intact sensorium

Front 9

Alpha toxin

Back 9

Lecithinase that cleaves cell membranes, contributing to gas gangrene

Front 10

Clostridium difficile

Back 10

Exotoxin detected by cytopathic effect on cultured cells or ELISA; associated with suppression of normal flora by use of Clindamycin, 2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporin, ampicillin

Front 11

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Back 11

Chinese characters; with toxigenicity detected using modified elek test

Front 12

Babes-Ernst granules/volutin granules

Back 12

Metachromatic granules in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Front 13

ShigA-like, Botulinum, Cholera, Diphtheriae, Erythrogenic toxins

Back 13

Beta prophage encoded toxins

Front 14

Staph aureus

Back 14

Gram +, catalase +, coagulase +

Front 15

Staph epidermidis

Back 15

Gram + catalase + coagulase - novobiocin S

Front 16

Staph saprophyticus

Back 16

Gram + catalase + coagulase - Novobiocin R

Front 17

Strep pneumoniae

Back 17

Gram +, catalase -, green/partial hemolysis, optochin S with capsule and bile soluble

Front 18

Viridans streptococci

Back 18

Gram +, catalase -, green/partial hemolysis, optochin R, not bile soluble, no capsule

Front 19

Strep pyogenes

Back 19

Gram + catalase - clear hemolysis, bacitracin S

Front 20

Strep agalactiae

Back 20

Gram +, catalase -, clear hemolysis, Bacitracin R

Front 21

Enterococcus

Back 21

Gram +, catalase -, no hemolysis, aerobe

Front 22

Peptostreptococcus

Back 22

Gram +, catalase -, no hemolysis, anaerobe

Front 23

Clostridium (anaerobic), Corynebacterium, Listeria, Bacillus

Back 23

Gram positive bacilli

Front 24

Strep pyogenes: exotoxin B

Back 24

Facilitates necrotizing fasciitis

Front 25

Strep pyogenes: erythrogenic toxin

Back 25

Causes scarlet fever: strawberry tongue, sandpaper like rash, Pastia's lines, desquamation

Front 26

Strep agalactiae

Back 26

Most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis; CAMP test +, grown in LIM broth

Front 27

Strep pneumoniae

Back 27

MCC CAP, presenting with rust-colored sputum and lobar pattern; gram + diplococci with positive Quellung reaction

Front 28

Some killers have pretty nice and sexy bodies: Strep pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella typhi, Group B strep

Back 28

Encapsulated bacteria

Front 29

Strep pneumoniae

Back 29

MCC otitis media, sinusitis, bacterial meningitis

Front 30

Strep mutans

Back 30

MCC of Dental caries

Front 31

Strep sanguis

Back 31

MCC of subacute and native valve endocarditis

Front 32

Strep intermedius

Back 32

Bacteria in brain abscess

Front 33

Staph aureus

Back 33

MCC acute endocarditis

Front 34

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Back 34

Most severe form of meningococcemia, with high fever, shock, widespread purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia and adrenal insufficiency

Front 35

Neisseria meningitidis

Back 35

MCC of meningitis among 2-18 year olds

Front 36

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 36

MCC of urethritis, PID and septic arthritis in sexually active adults

Front 37

Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome

Back 37

Complication of PID causing violin string adhesions and perihepatitis

Front 38

Haemophilis aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae

Back 38

Organisms causing subacute infective endocarditis in patients with pre-existing heart disease

Front 39

Haemophilus influenzae

Back 39

Satellite phenomenon around S. Aureus colonies; type B polyribitol phosphate = 95% invasiveness of this disease; affects children from 6mos to 1 year and is MCC of epiglottitis

Front 40

Salmonella, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia

Back 40

Facultative Intracellular Bacteria

Front 41

Bordetella pertussis

Back 41

With filamentous hemagglutinin, pertussis toxin, false adenylate cyclase and tracheal cytotoxin

Front 42

Escherichia coli

Back 42

Green sheen on EMB; with O and H antigens, HST and HLT enterotoxins and HUS-causing verotoxin; MCC of community acquired UTI, 2nd MCC of neonatal meningitis

Front 43

Salmonella spp

Back 43

Widal test to detect antibodies in serum

Front 44

Salmonella typhi

Back 44

Multiplies in peyer's patches then RES; predilection for gallbladder; presents with stepwise fever, abdominal pain, jaundice and hepatomegaly; incubation of 5-21 days

Front 45

Shigella sonnei

Back 45

MCC of bacillary dysentery

Front 46

Shigella dysenteriae

Back 46

MCC of epidemic dysentery and most severe form of bacillary dysentery

Front 47

Campylobacter jejuni

Back 47

MCC of bacterial gastroenteritis; causes histologic damage to mucosa of jejenum

Front 48

Reiter's syndrome

Back 48

Uveitis, urethritis, arthritis; this and Guillain Barre syndrome are associated with C. Jejuni infection

Front 49

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Back 49

Currant jelly sputum; with ESBL activity; MCC of pneumonia in alcoholics

Front 50

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 50

MCC of otitis externa, malignant otitis externa in diabetics, CSOM; disease spectrum includes ecthyma gangrenosum and febrile neutropenia; with pyocyanin

Front 51

Bacteroides fragilis

Back 51

Predominant anaerobe of human colon; with foul-smelling discharge and short chain fatty acids

Front 52

Nosy and Nagging Pests Must Breathe Lots of MP: Nocardia, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Brucella, B. cereus, Legionella, Leptospira, Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Back 52

Obligate aerobes

Front 53

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Back 53

Most common infectious cauae of SJS

Front 54

SHiNe My Gong: Strep pneumo, Haemophilus Influenzae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Neisseria Gonorrhea

Back 54

Bacteria with IgA protease

Front 55

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

Back 55

Only exotoxin that is not heat-labile

Front 56

A, C, Y, W135

Back 56

Strains of N. Meningitidis in meningococcal vaccine

Front 57

Lipid A

Back 57

Toxic component of LPS that activates the complement and the coagulation cascades

Front 58

Bacillus anthracis

Back 58

Box-car like gram + rods with edema toxin and lethal toxin

Front 59

Bacillus cereus

Back 59

Gran positive rod with heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins causing diarrhea and emesis respectively

Front 60

Clostridium perfringens

Back 60

Double hemolysis on blood agar, alpha toxin causes gas gangrene

Front 61

Clostridium difficile

Back 61

Infections can precipitate flare-ups of ulcerative colitis

Front 62

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 62

Tumbling motility with internalin and actin rockets; associated with ingestion of unpasteurized milk products

Front 63

Eikenella corrodens

Back 63

MCC of human bite infection

Front 64

Legionella pneumophila

Back 64

Causes atypical pneumonia and pontiac fever through aerosol from water source

Front 65

Salmonella

Back 65

Produces H2S, Widal test detects antibodies in serum; infective dose 10^6 organisms

Front 66

Vibrio spp

Back 66

Comma-shaped gram neg rods with shooting star motility with enterotoxin that activates Gs

Front 67

Camylobacter jejuni

Back 67

Associated with GBS and Reiter's syndrome; produces watery foul-smelling diarrhea followed by bloody stools, fever and severe abdominal pain

Front 68

Helicobacter pylori

Back 68

Damages goblet cells if gastric mucosa; detected via EGD and urease breath test

Front 69

Particular kinds have urease: Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Ureaplasma uralyticum

Back 69

Urease positive bacteria

Front 70

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Back 70

Currant jelly sputum; MCC of pneumonia in alcoholics;

Front 71

Proteus mirabilis

Back 71

Urease positive gram neg rod with swarming motility; forms struvite stones

Front 72

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 72

With pyocyanin and aninoacetophenone; MCC of otitis externa and CSOM; causes ecthyma gangrenosum and febrile neutropenia

Front 73

Bacteroides fragilis

Back 73

Predominant anaerobe of the colon that spreads to blood or peritoneum during bowel trauma perforation or surgery

Front 74

Brucella abortus

Back 74

Small gram neg rods without a capsule transmitted via contaminated dairy or direct contact causing undulated fever

Front 75

Francisella tularensis

Back 75

From rabbits or deer; causes tularemia

Front 76

Yersinia pestis

Back 76

Causes bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plague through flea bite; gram negative bipolar staining

Front 77

Pasteurella multicocida

Back 77

Gram neg rod that exhibits bipolar staining and butterfly colonies with musty odor; from animal bites

Front 78

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 78

Cord factor is its most important virulence factor; with Ghon's focus, Ranke's complex and Simon's focus

Front 79

Actinomyces israeli

Back 79

Hard nontender swelling with sinus tracts draining sulfur granules

Front 80

Nocardia asteroides

Back 80

Gram + rod with aerial hyphae and manifests as mycetomas and brain abscesses