B4 Organising Animals And Plants

Front 1

Plasma

Back 1

Transports things like CO2 from organs to the lungs, soluble products of digestion and the 3 other components of blood

Front 2

Red Blood Cells

Back 2

Bioconcave

No nucleus

Contains haemoglobin

Carry oxygen

Front 3

White Blood Cells

Back 3

They form antibodies which engulf and produce antitoxins to kill the pathogens

Front 4

Platelets

Back 4

Broken pieces of Red Blood Cells

Help the blood clot

Fibrinogen changes into fibrin which clots the blood to form scabs

Front 5

What is this?

Back 5

Artery

Small Lumen , Thick layer of muscle + elastic fibres, thick wall

Carry the blood away from the heart

High pressure

Muscles give strength and elastic fibres give it a high pressure as they spring back

Front 6

What is this?

Back 6

Vein

Large lumen, valves, thin walls

Carry blood towards the heart

Heart valves prevent back flow

Low pressure

Large linen helps blood flow

Front 7

What is this?

Back 7

Capillary

Single Cell thick walls, tiny vessel and barrow lumen

Carry blood through organs

Permeable walls to speed up diffusion

Supply food and CO2 and get rid of waste i.e O2

Front 8

Label the height?

Back 8

Vena Cava - Deoxygenated blood from around body goes into the heart

Pulmonary Artery - Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Aorta - Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Pulmonary vein - oxygenated blood from the lungs goes into the heart

Valves -Prevent the back flow of blood

Left is right, right is left

Top right, left atrium

Top left, right Atrium

Bottom right, left ventricle

Bottom left, right ventricle

Front 9

Label the heart

Back 9

Vena Cava - DeO2 blood from around body - heart

Pulmonary Artery - DeO2 blood to the lungs

Aorta - O2 blood to the rest of the body

Pulmonary vein - O2 blood from the lungs - heart

Left is right, right is left

Atrium and Ventricle

Front 10

Double circulation

Back 10

Whether to transport system is pumping blood

1) blood from heart to lungs and back again

2) blood from heart rest of the body and back

Front 11

Coronary heart disease

Back 11

The heart gets oxygenated blood from the coronary arteries

Coronary heart disease happens when the arteries get blocked due to fatty material building up

Front 12

Coronary heart disease

Back 12

The heart gets oxygenated blood from the coronary arteries

Coronary heart disease happens when the arteries get blocked due to fatty material building up

Front 13

Stents

Back 13

Metronet which open up the arteries to allow blood to go through

Done via open-heart procedure. Balloons blown over thin metal net which sticks it to the walls

It stops the problem before it gets worse

Front 14

Statins

Back 14

Prescribe to the patient

Pills that lower cholesterol

This means that it reduces the fatty deposits in the arteries

Front 15

Animal valves

Back 15

Sometimes patients have a leaky valves, this means that blood flows in the wrong direction causing a heart attack

Doctors can use animal valves instead.

Requires an open heart procedure

May go against some religions, such as Islam who can’t eat pigs

Front 16

Artificial pacemaker

Back 16

A pacemaker keeps the beat of the heart. The normal resting beat is 70bpm.

Artificial pacemaker is electricity can be fitted

They don’t last that long and it’s a malfunction take place the person made life

Front 17

Temporary hearts

Back 17

This can be either animal hearts or artificial electrical hearts

These are good because they keep the patient alive while waiting for a heart transplant.

However, the patient has to be on drugs to stop the blood from clotting.

Front 18

Ventilation

Back 18

Moving air in and out

Front 19

Trachea

Back 19

Rigid tube made out of Cartilage

Front 20

Lungs

Back 20

Spongy organs that filled with air when we inhale

Situated in the thorax (the top half of the body.)

Front 21

Lungs

Back 21

Spongy organs that filled with air when we inhale

Situated in the thorax (the top half of the body.)

Front 22

Alveoli

Back 22

Where gas exchange takes place, bronchioles carry air to them. They are surrounded by capillaries

Front 23

What does this show?

Back 23

Gas exchange:

1) Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the capillaries via the alveoli

2) Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood

3) Air is continuously moving in and out of the alveoli

Front 24

Adaptations of the alveoli

Back 24

- large surface area (big storage)

- thin walls (shorter storage path)

- good blood supply via the capillaries

- steep concentration gradient

- smile diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 25

Breathing in

Back 25

1) Intercostal muscles between ribs, contract, moving the rob cage up and out

2) Diaphragm muscles contract and the diaphragm flattens.

3) Volume of chest and thorax increases

4) Low pressure as air is drawn into the lungs

Front 26

Breathing out

Back 26

1) intercostal muscles between the ribs, relax, moving the rib cage down and in

2) The muscles of the diaphragm relax and the diaphragm becomes domes

3) Volume of the thorax and chest decreases

4) Pressure increases as air is forced out of the lungs

Front 27

Epidermis tissue

Back 27

Covers the plant

Hint 27

Plant Tissue

Front 28

Palisade Mesophyll

Back 28

Many chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll which are important have photosynthesis

Hint 28

Plant Tissue

Front 29

Spongy Mesophyll

Back 29

Air spaces to all gases to pass through

Large surface area for diffusion of gases

Hint 29

Plant Tissues

Front 30

Xylem

Back 30

Transports water and dissolved minerals to the rest of the plants

Water needed for Photosynthesis

Water needed to support the cells, especially young plants and leaves

Hint 30

Plant Tissues

Front 31

Phloem

Back 31

Transports dissolves food substances from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Sugar needed for all cells

Sugar needed for growth

Hint 31

Plant Tissue

Front 32

Plant organs

Back 32

Stems, Roots and Leaves

Front 33

Meristems

Back 33

Found in the roots and shoots

Front 34

Leaves Water Loss

Back 34

1) Soil absorbers water and passes it up the plant to the leaves

2) In the leaves the air spaces mean that water vapour is lost. This is called transpiration.

3) This can be stopped by the the guard cells by closing the stomata.

Front 35

Factors affecting the rates of Transpiration

Back 35

Temperature

Humidity

Air flow -

Light Intensity

Front 36

Temperature

Back 36

As Temp increases molecules move faster which increases evaporation

But as temp increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases

Front 37

Humidity

Back 37

Diffusion of water is faster in dryer air

Front 38

Air flow

Back 38

Wind flow increases the rate of evaporation, as it keeps a steep concentration gradient and blows away the water vapour

Front 39

Light Intensity

Back 39

More light = more photosynthesis = more stomata holes open = more evaporation

Front 40

What does this show?

Back 40

This shows a potometer. A potometer show the water uptake of a plant under different conditions

Front 41

What does this show?

Back 41

This shows a potometer. A potometer show the water uptake of a plant under different conditions

Front 42

How can plants control water loss

Back 42

- plants have a waxy, Waterproof cuticle

- most of the stomata our on the underside of the leaf

- wilting can reduce water loss, the leaves hand down decreasing the surface area

- the stomata close to reduce water loss