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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of the nucleus? |
It retains the genetic information which codes for protein synthesis |
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What is the function of the nucleolus? |
It’s a small spherical body that synthesises ribosomal DNA |
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What is the function of the nuclear pore? |
It allows the transport of mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus |
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What is the nuclear envelope? |
It’s a double membrane around the nucleus |
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What is chromatin? |
Coils of DNA bound to Huston’s protein |
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What happens to chromatin during cell division? |
If condensed to form chromosomes |
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What is the nucleoplasm? |
Cytoplasm- like material that holds the chromatin |
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Name the 3 components of a ribosome. |
A large subunit made of rRNA and protein, mRNA and a small subunit |
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What is the function of ribosomes? |
It’s where protein synthesis occurs |
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Where are ribosomes found? |
In the cytoplasm of RER |
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What is the function of a mitochondrion? |
They release energy in the form of ATP during aerobic respiration |
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What is the function of the DNA strand in mitochondria? |
It allows self replication to respond to the energy needs of the cell |
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What is the function of the matrix in mitochondria? |
It contains many chemical compounds such as lipids and proteins, stages of respiration occur within the matrix |
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What is the function of the cristae in mitochondria? |
It increases the surface area for ATP synthesis to occur |
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What is the mitochondrial envelope in mitochondria? |
A double membrane with a narrow fluid filled space |
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What is RER? |
An internal system of flattened membranous sacs |
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What is the function of RER? |
It is used for protein synthesis and transport of proteins |
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What is the function of SER? |
It is involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids |
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Give the 5 main functions of the Golgi body. |
1. Modifying and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles 2. Secreting carbs 3. Producing glycoproteins 4. Transporting and storing lipids 5. Forming lysosomes |
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What is the Cisterna in the Golgi body? |
Interconnected flattened membranous sacs |
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What happens to vesicles when the fuse with the Golgi body? |
Vesicles containing polypeptides pinch of the RER and fuse with the Golgi body, at the other end vesicles are released containing modified proteins |
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What are the centrioles? |
Two rings of microtubles arranged in hollow cylinders at right angles to each other |
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What are centrioles found in? |
All animals, most proticists but not plants |
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What is the function of centrioles? |
They migrate to opposite ends of the cell and form the spindle during cell division |
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Give the two main functions of lysosomes. |
1. To release enzymes to break down worn out organelles 2. To digest material taken into the cell, e.g. bacteria |
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What is the tonoplast? |
A single membrane surrounding plant cell vacuoles |
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What is cell sap? |
A solution that stores chemicals such as glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins |
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What is the function of planet cell vacuoles? |
They support soft plant tissues by maintains internal turgor pressure, aswell as storing pigments and nutrients and waste products. |
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What are animal cell vacuoles like? |
They are small temporary vesicles that occurs in large numbers, e.g. formed during phagocytosis to hold bacteria |
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What is the function of the circular DNA strand in chloroplasts for? |
For self replication |
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What are grana made of? |
Flattened sacs called thylakoids are stacked to form grana connected to each other by lamellae |
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What is the stroma? |
A colourless gelatinous matrix that contains ribosomes, DNA, lipids and starch granules |
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What is the function of chloroplasts? |
They are the site of photosynthesis in plants. |
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What is found within each thylakoid? |
Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll |