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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 stages of creating content for broadcast? |
Acquisition Editing Distribution |
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What is an offline editor? |
A storyteller. Combines shots from raw source footage. This is the creative process. |
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What is an online editor? |
Deals with technical aspects for broadcast. |
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What is shooting ratio and examples? |
Amount of source footage vs amount of footage in finished piece. 20:1 Documentary 3:1 Sitcom 1.5:1 Soap Opera |
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Lossless, lossy and temporal compression. |
Lossless: ZIP file format, perfect reconstruction of original data. Lossy: Reduce data size, lost quality. Temporal: Reusing pixel values in frames to reduce file size. Refreshes whole image every few frames. Spacial: LOOK UP! |
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Ingesting and offline quality |
Ingest: Footage from original source Offline quality: Copy of the original medoa that's compressed during ingest. More efficient editing. |
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Offline to online conform |
Delete highly compressed media, leaves metadata behind to re-ingest media with less or no compression. |
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Porject folder vs Bins vs Clips vs Media files |
The project folder contains bins, a Bin is a file that contains clips, Clips are anything in a bin and of which contain metadata while media files contain picture and/or sound. |
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How to reveal location of a bin? |
Right click bin in project window and click reveal file. |
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MXF file |
Material exchange format native to Media Composer of the Op-atom variety: Encoded media stored within. |
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Codec |
Encode and decodes by reading metadata and loads suitable codex to covert frames to their original state. |
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Media composers native codec |
DNxHD |
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What sample and bit rates does MC support |
32khz, 44khz, 48khz and 96khz. 16 and 24 bit. |
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Autosync |
Select subsequence -> bin-> autosync Syncs audio and video clips that were linked separately. |
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Managed media folder vs ama linked volume |
Where media is stored, ama linked media shows an editiable clip, not the raw media. |
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Four things that happen when you use AMA |
MC leaves files in original location. MC creates a clip in the bin that has path to the linked file in source column. AMA plug-in acts as a translator between your file and MC when playing footage. MC indexes linked file, can be managed with media tool and checked into interplay. |
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Four things that happen when you don't use AMA |
MC uses media from dedicated media folder. MC uses internal identifier to associate media file with clip. MC reads file natively without plug-in when played. MC indexes the media file, allows it to be managed with media tool and checked into interplay. |
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What are the two broad AMA workflows? |
Link, edit, consolidate. Link, transcode, edit, relink, consolidate. |
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How to consolidate/copy a sequence? |
Bin>Consolidate/transcode. |
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Explain Link, transcode, edit, relink, consolidate. |
Link to footage. Transcode footage - creates media files optimized for editing. Edit using transcoded footage - offline edit. Take transcoded footage offline Mount original AMA volumes. Bin>relink. or bin>consolidate/transcode |
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Where can you start background media services? |
Taskbar. Tools>Background services. |
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What and where is the background queue window? |
Tools>Background queue Open background queue from taskbar (opens in web browser) Allows you to check on media services tasks, cancel operations, clear inactive/finished jobs and refresh the view using the drop down arrow. |
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How to consolidate/transcode with BMS |
In consolidate/transcode window select run in background. |
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What are DMF's and where can you access them? |
Perform copy, consolidate and transcode tasks to a folder while MC isn't running. Tools > Dynamic Media Folders |
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What are profiles and where to alter them? |
A script that activates when new files are detected in a dynamic media 'folder'. Profile editor button in DMF window. File > AMA link |
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What is the benefit of choosing a profile from AMA link? |
Use files immediately while also initiating BMS. Quick access to profile editor. |
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Benefit of profile settings. |
Local, can be used for particular purposes such as with a DMF or with an AMA link. |
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Profile settings: AMA plugin and the auto detect plug-in |
Select a specific AMA plug-in to use in the profile. Autodetect chooses one plug-in, causes issues with multiple plug-ins required. You should create different profiles for each file and associate them with different folders. |
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Creating new bin: Default naming Volume name Specify name |
Default naming: name of project and a number Volume name: volume where the media is contained, can be disorganised as clips end up in same bin. Specify name: Creates new bins or adds to existing bin. |
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How could you sort items into bins based on metadata? |
Using syntax: Braces enclosing the exact name of metadata column. |
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Three kinds of profile actions and what they do. |
Copy: One location to another. Useful for backing up. Consolidate: Copies media from source location into a drive/workspace. Always goes into an Avid MediaFiles subfolder. Wraps into MXF, renames file and reframes video to match project format. Transcode: Same as consolidate but with video re-encoding options. |
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DMF Icon in timeline: Solid Green Dot Spinning Green Circle Yellow Circle Faded Green Circle With No Animation Acquire media button |
Solid Green Dot: Newly processed assets Spinning Green Circle: Media being processed Yellow Circle: Error occured Faded Green Circle With No Animation: Nothing happening Acquire media button: Click to generate new clips in accordance to profile. |
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AMA settings headframe option |
Frames shown in bins frame or script view. Choose frame indicated by camera operator or default MC. |
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AMA settings quality |
Edit in low quality and relink back to the high-quality media - which then consolidates. |
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What is volume mounting in AMA settings? |
You can enable legacy file-based worklows and enable/disable automatic AMA linking to volumes. |
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What are the link options for in AMA settings? |
Multichannel audio options Audio time-code Alpha channels |
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What is a virtual volume |
when you copy contents of camera;s memory stick into a folder, the folder is the virtual volume. |
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How to link to a virtual volume |
file>ama link > select virtual volume folder |
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How to access metadata from a camera |
bin > choose columns - will be at the bottom of the list |
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How to set source settings and refresh |
right click a clip and select source settings clip>refresh sequence>color adapters |
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unmount a volume |
file>unmount |
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How does media composer deal with mixed frame rates and frame sizes. |
Adds a motion adapter to match the sequence frame rate. Up or down-scaled to match frame sizes. |
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How to change the interpolation method of a motion adapter. |
Position indicator over clip with motion adapter. Motion effect editor button. The type drop down menu provides render methods. |
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How would you further customize an automatically applied motion adapter? |
In the effect editor of the motion adapter click the promote button. |
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What is source-side reformatting and what are the options in the reformat column. |
Automatic method of reformatting the clips dimensions to match the project reformat settings. Stretch, letterbox/pillar box crop and center crop. There is also center keep size. |
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How to refresh the format settings of clips in a sequence? |
Right click sequence in bin > refresh sequence>aspect ratio and reformatting options |
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What is record-side formatting and what do you use to reformat. |
Use an effect in the reformat category in effect palette. Pan and scan (for stretch reformats) gives you more control over cropping. |
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What is frameflex? |
Link to 2k or 4k video files and extracts a keyframe for display. |
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How many tracks of each does media composer support? |
24 Video 24 Audio 24 Metadata |
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How many channels of audio does a 7.1 surround audio track support? |
8 |
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Select or deselect multiple tracks on timeline and timeline itself. |
Lasso over track select panel to reverse selections. CTRL + A select all tracks in active timeline window SHIFT + CTRL + A deselect all tracks in active timeline window CTRL+0 Make timeline window active |
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New track with a custom number |
alt + ctrl + y Alt + clip> new x track |
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How to insert a track between existing tracks |
alt + clip>new x track Tracks will be moved up to make room for track. |
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How and why rename tracks? |
Right click track + rename Audio elements to different tracks (organize content) Reserve upper video tracks. |
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How to move tracks? |
Alt + drag track selector button |
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How to add artificial edit points and remove them. |
Add Edit button to create match frame edits. For one match frame edit enter trim mode and press delete. For multiple use in and out points and clip>remove match frame edits. (you can also right clip timeline for this feature). |
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What are continuous and discontinuous match frame edits? |
Continuous is a white equals sign, either side of clip has no differences. Discontinuous is red equals side, differences such as an effect only on one side or same effect but different parameters. |
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What are black holes and how to find them |
One or more frames of filler. Position indicator on sequence Clip > find black hole |
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What are flash frames and how to find them and edit what is determined to be a flash frame. |
Clips with a short duration (<10 frames etc) Position indicator on sequence Clip > find flash frame, or right click in timeline. Double click timeline setting in project window > edit > find flash frames shorter than. |
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Detecting duplicate frames on the same track |
Fast menu > dupe detection. (Creates indicators) |
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What does match frame do and what happens when you use it? |
Locate master clip used to create a subclip or motion effect. Loads master clip into source monitor and adds in point in accordance to the position indicator. |
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What is a modified match frame? |
Keep the original in and out marks, click match frame button with alt. |
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What is reverse match frame? |
Finds sequence in source monitor in timeline. Command palette > other > map reverse match frame button |
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How to find bin? |
load clip/sequence and source/record monitor. Find bin for clip in sequence use alt + click find bin |
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What are lift/extract and how to use them with source monitor. |
Lift - red - leaves filler Extract - yellow - closes gap Click with alt and an in and out point will remove clip and put into source monitor. |
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Copy to clipboard with alt? |
Loads in - > out clip into source monitor without removing from timeline. |
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toggle source/record |
position indicator is green. |
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Where is the clip name menu? |
Above (on each end) of the source/record monitors - previous 20 items |
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Where and what is mark clip AND with alt? |
A bold version of ][ below source/record monitors. Marks nearest edit to left and right of position indicator. Adding alt selects everything under position indicator, adds markers up to longest clip. Mark clip can be used with T also. |
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How to loop play in to out |
in out points -> alt + play in to out button (button below play button) or |
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Adding and enabling phantom marks, what if phantom marks don't show? |
No need to add, position indicator and out points based on length of clip. or just add in out in source monitor. Enable them by special > show phantom marks or right click composer window. No phantom marks? - insufficient media. |
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Where and what use is replace edit? |
Want to overwrite an alternative shot |
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Sync point editing: Requirements |
turns orange when you are set up for sync point editing Position indicators and in out marks. project window > settings > composer settings > turn on/off sync point editing. |
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How to make a bin of mini source monitors and edit from a bin. |
View a bin in frame view and use ctrl + L to enlarge the frame sizes project window > settings > bin select enable edit from bin. |
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What changes in source/record monitors in trim mode? |
A side and B side. |
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Trim buttons |
m , . / 10 frames left, 1 frame left, 1 frame right, 10 frames right. 10 for 30fps 8 for 24fps |
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Specifying clips affected by a trim |
clicking the clips in the composer window. Use (p [ ]) to toggle rollers on which side. |
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Benefit to using keyboard instead of clicking to edit on fly trim. How to undo, how many undo's are available? |
Looping of footage won't stop. Trims applied imediately. Edit > undo 99 levels of undo |
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How to jump between edits? |
A and S keys to jump to prev/next edits. These also put you in trim mode. |
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Using keypad to move rollers in trim. What is the limit? |
press - key or just type in a numbe to move forward/back frames in trim mode. 100 equals a second while 99 equals 99 frames. |
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Digital audio scrubbing |
Hold shift indicator while moving position indicator OR press caps lock. |
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How to enable unobstructed wave forms? |
right click composer window > trim settings or CTRL + = Select arrows at selected transitions. |
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What is a radio edit? |
Edit audio on it's own without video |
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Q and W when looping in trim mode. |
Q: plays up to the edit point from in point and repeats W:plays up to out point from edit point and repeats |
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What is dynamic trimming? |
Playing back trim tool in loop and using keys to edit on the fly. |
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Visual cues to show you have isolated one side of an edit. |
Play loop button is now an arrow. pre-roll/post-roll box highlighted in green |
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In point to adjust edit: use and how |
Useful for matching beats in a music video Enter trim mode, align rollers, play loop (6) and mark in point at desired point. |
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How to create a split edit. |
trim only audio/video track. Remove a split edit in the same way. |
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Extent edit |
command palette in trim menu >I< chose either in or out point to extend or retract a clip. Doesn't break sync Split edits on the fly |
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What is bi-directional trimming, when is it useful? |
Trim tracks in different directions. In trim mode shift-click to place rollers on desired sides of track. Useful for overlapping dialogue in narrative editing. |
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Asynchronous trimming |
E.g trim tail/head of two shots. Increase length of one clip and shorten the other. This keeps everything else in sync and unchanged. |
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What is script integration and scriptsync |
Import script as a text file and reapplying words, script sync can automate synchronization of footage to words in the script. |
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Prepare a script for script integration |
Save your script file in plain text format (NOT word, .rtf or PDF) and keep line breaks. |
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How to import a script into media composer |
File > new script, places it in project folder with bins. |
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How to link clips to scripts |
Highlight lines in script window, drag clip containing the lines onto selected text. Slates appear in script window. |
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How to add takes to existing slates |
Select region of script take covers, drag clip to the existing slate. |
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Ways to interact with slates |
lasso takes or shift click what takes you want CTRL + A to select entire script CTRL + K or L to increase/decrease size script > show frames move slate with ctrl + drag |
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Play clips from script window without loading in source monitor, what happens to slate? |
Click slate > play button in script window toolbar slate turns green, clip plays loop |
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How to interpolate position |
script > interpolate position |
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Add script mark manually, how are script marks beneficial? |
Command palette > other double click part of a take and jog through till you find that line of dialogue, add script mark. better interpolate clips position |
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Automated screening and marking, playback for next/prev take? |
Click record marks during playback button in script window toolbar and Click line of dialogue as you hear it during playback tab and shift + tab |
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Edit script marks: Move script mark manually Delete script mark scroll a script |
Ctrl + drag click mark and press delete script > hold slates onscreen |
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How to add scene or page |
Click line, add scene/page buttons, enter scene/page number, press OK |
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What is timecode sync? |
Where 2 or more cameras are connected via a bnc cable which uses external timecode to synchronize their internal clocks. |
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How to perform visual or audio based sync |
placing in points (for example) on each clip at slates or noticable points where you want to sync and then group the clips. |
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How to group clips? Group clips by...? |
Have clips selected in bin then go to bin > group clips or shift + CTRL + G In out timecode |
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How to multigroup clips? |
Select groups and Bin > multigroup |
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What is sync-stacking |
Placing many tracks on top of one another on the timeline and aligning via audio. Group click via in points for all of these. |
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How to gang footage? |
Load clips into source/record monitors or alt double click for pop out monitors. Position indicator at points of syncterest click gang button (tape icons) under source monitor. Sync maintained when you play footage, not real-time. |
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How to activate/deactivate multicamera mode? |
with a group sequence loaded in timeline, special > multicamera mode or shift+ctrl + m same keys to deactivate |
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How to change between quad split and nine split or cycle through cameras? |
tools > command palette > MCam tab swap cam bank to switch to the next set of cameras. |
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How to display a clips name in multicamera mode? |
click source monitor and click ctrl
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How to assign another clip to a quadrant and change back to default? |
ctrl + alt + click a quadrant and choose a different camera angle, restore defaults to return to default angles. |
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where to find audio follow video |
group menu icon above source monitor, audio follow video |
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What bit resolution is best for multi cam? |
8-bit resolutions |
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Multicam keys: quad split nine split which quadrants |
quad split f9 - f12 nine split shift + f9 - f12 1-9 |
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how to edit on the fly with multicam |
play sequence, click a multicam key to change quadrant which adds an edit. |
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How to switch clips in segment? |
Position indicator on segment and use up/down arrow keys to cycle clips for that segment. |
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How to commit multicam edits and what are they? |
Commits creates a new sequence based on active clips. Select sequence > right click gray space on timeline and select commit muilticam edits. |
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What is a track? |
Where you place a clip |
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What is a channel? |
hardware input/output, multichannel clip component. |
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What is a voice? How many voices can MC play back? |
Distinct sound. 64. |
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How to create multichannel sequence tracks. |
clip > new audio track > stereo/5.1/7.1 |
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Import multichannel clips from single files |
import settings/ama settings, audio tab, edit. |
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import multichannel clips from separate files. |
Number the files so media composer can recognise which channel they relate to. |
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How to capture multichannel clips |
Using capture tool but need hardware installed |
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Modifying a clips track format |
set clip - clip > modify > set multichannel audio |
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toggle display of track control panel |
arrow next to timecode on timeline |
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What is an implicitly muted track |
Faded orange, means something is soloed |
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primary active tracks (how to set?) active tracks inactive tracks |
primary active tracks - square around camera button - plays back regardless of play speed - alt-click on active power button active tracks - power button enabled - plays back but play speed is not guaranteed inactive tracks - power button not enabled - wont play, no CPU power used. |
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What is LFE |
Low frequency effects/emission (subwoofer) |
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Sequence mix format and mix mode. Surround sound options? |
mix format/mix mode (in that order) In surround sound sequence you can pan sound around the room as opposed to the common stereo pan (left/right). |
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clip/auto/live toggle |
in audio mixer |
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how to automate pan from left to right speaker? |
Place position indicator in required left and right areas with auto mode set. Turn pan knob to left, move indicator, pan right. You can enable pan display on tack control panel. |
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How to activate advanced surround panning? |
green button below panner |
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What is different about advanced surround panning? |
Detailed room with more controls for LFE and center speaker. |
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What is reference tone? |
Tone at beginning of video, volume at which most of the sound will be. - broadcast requirement |
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What is dynamic range? |
difference between quietest and loudest sounds. |
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dBFS: what is the upper limit, headroom and reference? |
Upper limit is the maximum value so 0 for example (anything above is clipped) headroom - for loud bangs or shouting reference level usually -20db, this is the output average |
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How to generate test-tone media with the audio tool |
Tools > audio tool > PH > create tone media |
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What do these terms mean: Decibel Gain Attenuate |
Decibel: smallest increase or decrease in volume that human can perceive. (unit of measurement) Gain: amplification, turn up volume Attenuate: make volume quieter |
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Proper way to rename tracks |
right click track > rename. Keep the number of track for ease of use. |
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How to color-code tracks |
select track(s) > fast menu > track color |
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How to play a reference tone for speakers? |
tools > audio tool > PH > play calibration tone |
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Audio mixer for source-side vs record-side |
Source-side: audio mixer adjusts source clip, saved with the clip in bin Record-side: adjust clip under position indicator in timeline |
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What is the mixing workflow? |
Audio clips on tracks Set overall level for track attentuation or gain to clips attentuation or gain to sections (fades) special effects to enhance |
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Easy method to separate audio tracks |
Lift/overwrite tool to move clips vertically on tracks. |
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Method to adjusting clip gain |
Clip mode in audio mixer, in fast tool it will be based on in - out marks, if there are none the options will be global. Enabled tracks. |
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Adjust levels on track for panned or volumed clips. |
audio mixer > fast menu > adjust pan/vols on track/global. |
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How to perform audio ducking? |
Volume in track panel Audio mixer in auto mode to add volume keyframes via the sliders, or just use ' for adding keyframes. |
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How to adjust clip volume dynamically |
Audio mixer in auto mode In out marks or just position indicator. Specify pre-roll/post-roll amount in frames (Preparation time) Click record and drag sliders. |
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What if there are too many keyframes after dynamic clip volume adjustments? |
audio mixer > fast menu > filter automation gain on track/global (reduces number of keyframes while keeping general shape of curve) |
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Export metadata to protools |
Export an AAF file |
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What metadata goes into protools from media composer |
track layout clip names markers (and their colours) |
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What audio features can be adjusted in protools from an aaf export from MC? |
clip gain clip pan volume and pan automation crossfaded EQ track sizes and colours audiosuite plugins + RTAS effects |
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Notes for exporting an AAF |
File > export > options > AAF Consolidate media render video effects |
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What does protools do to sample and bit depths that don't mix? |
Converts to uniform bit depths 32khz audio converted to another sample rate, usually 48khz. |
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How to convert sample rates in MC? |
right click master clip > change sample rate |
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How to send audio back from protools |
bounce to disk as WAV or export back as an AAF |
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what is video satellite |
protools hd 11 includes avid video satellite - can link protools and MC workstations via ethernet. This allows you to edit video in MC and audio in PT at the same time. |
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What is frequency |
measurement of how often something happens in a particular time period |
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What is hertz |
Measurement of frequency - how often something happens in a second. |
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What is an octave |
doubling or halving of a particular sound frequency. double rate = 1 octave higher, 1 octave lower = halving rate |
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What is Q |
range of frequencies affected by an EQ adjustment. E.G a Q of 1/4 octave. (width of adjustment from one frequency to another) |
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What is boost/cut |
increase/decrease in volume of a particular frequency - measured in decibels |
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What does an audio EQ filter include |
Frequency, value for Q and a boost/cut. |
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What are the five common types of EQ filters? |
Parametric Shelving High-pass Low-pass Notch |
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Describe a Parametric filter |
Boosts/cuts specific frequency and range of adjacent frequencies based on Q. middle slider |
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Describe a notch filter |
Similar to parametric but with a narrow Q, so 1/4 octave. Uses such as for surgical operations. |
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High-shelf/low-shelf filters |
Boost/cuts frequencies above/below a a particular frequency. left slider controls low-shelf, right slider affects high-shelf. Similate sound of music coming through a wall with high-shelf filter to diminish the high frequencies. |
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High-pass/low-pass filters |
Gradually eliminate frequencies higher or lower than a given value. Middle and left(low)/right(high) sliders |
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What is each slider for? |
left - low frequency middle - mid frequency right - high frequency Values on bottom of sliders are frequencies affected by this band. So e.g 50hz, frequencies less than 50hz will be affected. |
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Graphical representation in the audio EQ tool |
Cannot interact, represents changes in decibels. |
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How to open Audio EQ tool |
tools > audio EQ |
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How to apply an AudioSuite EQ III effect |
select track, position indicator over clip tools > AudioSuite select a plug-in |
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Type control on EQ 3 I band - the order |
High-pass Notch High-shelf Low-shelf Peak Low-pass |
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What are the seven bands of the EQ 3 7-band effect |
HPF LPF LF - Parameteric or shelf LMF - parametric or notch MD - parametric or notch HMF - parametric or notch HF - parametreic or shelf |
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How to audiosuite effect a master clip |
Drag the master clip to the audiosuite window |
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How to apply an audio EQ preset |
position indicator over clip in sequence, enable clips audio track choose eq effect from fast menu |
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How to save your eq filters as effect templates |
Drag eq effect icon from audio eq tool to a bin. |
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What is RTAS? |
Real Time Audio Suite. These plug-ins allow you to play back without rendering first but effect tracks rather than segments. |
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Only a few RTAS effects can be used with multichannel tracks. How would you split the tracks to individual mono? |
clip>modify>set multichannel audio>mono |
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How many effects can be applied at a time with RTAS and AudioSuite? |
5 with RTAS and one per clip with AudioSuite |
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What and where are inserts |
Inserts are just effects put onto the track, they can be seen on the expanded track control panel in the empty boxes. |
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How do you apply an RTAS effect to track. |
Drag it from the effects palette. Right click track control panel and choose RTAS effects. Or just click the insert. Or tools > RTAS. |
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How to copy RTAS effects to other tracks |
alt click and drag the insert button to another track. |
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How to edit an RTAS effect |
Click the insert, if there is an effect it opens up a window associated with the plug-in |
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How to perform an audio mixdown |
Special > audio mixdown |
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What is a compressor? Give an example of an effect |
Effect that reduces distance between the highest and lowest volume in an audio track. When volume exceeds a fixed threshold (peak) the compressor reduces it by a certain ratio. Compressor/limiter dyn 3 effect |
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How does the compressor ratio calculation work. Let's say the reference level is -20db and the compression threshold is -14 (6db of allowable peak). If a loud bit of audio hit 10db, how would ratios work? 1:1, 2:1, 4:1. |
The difference between the threshold and the audio over the threshold (which would be 4db). 1:1 stays at 10db 2:1 goes to 12db (minus half of the difference) 4:1 goes to 13db(minus a quarter of the difference) |
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What is a limiter? |
A compressor with a higher ratio, not allowing audio levels to exceed threshold. |
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Limiter vs compressor for peaks, examples for use. |
Limiter CUTS the peaks (dance club) Compressor reduces extent of peaks (remote control) |
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How to open the console window and reset peaks |
audio tool > RP tools > console type dumpmaxpeaks |
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How to create spanned markers for use with AS-11 |
in - out points alt key + add marker |
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How to export sequence for AS-11 |
file>ama export |
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How would you archive to a folder? |
file>export>options>AAF (Advanced Authoring Format - timeline) |
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Copying media vs consolidating media, where does AAF come into play? |
Copy: Entire media clip is copies if your sequence uses any amount of it. Consolidate: Only the media used plus handles (frames at the beginning and ending of each shot). AAF file is exported along with copy/consolidate. |
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Where is avid media files |
Avid MediaFiles has to be on the root level of a drive to be seen by avid |
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Resolve link to issue when a second sequence wont have available media |
export second sequence entirely using copy or consolidate. |
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How to archive to video tape? |
Select sequence -> clip>archive to video tape |
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What is AS-02 versioning? Why is AAF a bad way to version and why is AS-02 better? |
Exporting multiple versions of a sequence plus media. AAF files are independent from eachother and are hard to find. AS-02 has a folder structure, in a single folder and exports media only once. |
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Where to get or find AS-02 volumes |
File > link to volume for export file > new export volume |
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What is a shim |
predefined file, set of instructions |
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How to commit a volume |
In the export volume pop-up, click commit (button furthest on the right, like a DVD) |
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States of committed media: red yellow green |
Red: media offline Yellow: media online but not accurate in bundle (not commited to bundle) Green: media is in bundle |
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Media mixdown with AS-02 |
Mixes down media without retaining edits, an AAF is placed in the extras folder for the bundle by mc. |
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Why would broadcasters use AS-11 opposed to Quicktime? |
single file, embedded metadata with single-standardized codec. |
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Why is videotape archiving still good? |
cheaper than hardrives |
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How are AS-11 and AS-02 similar? |
Both use shims |
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How are AS-11 and AS-02 different? |
AS-02 has more shim variety but no metadata options |
