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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain what is meant by duration, capacity and encoding of short-term memory. |
Duration: limited 18-35s Capacity: limited 7+/- 2 encoding: acoustic (sounds) |
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Explain what is meant by duration, capacity and encoding of Long-term memory. |
Duration: unlimited (permastore VLTM) Capacity: unlimited Encoding: semantic (meanings) |
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Outline a study of capacity in short-term memory |
-Miller's immediate digit span 7(+/-2) -Reads a list of digits to participant that they repeat, adding 1 digit each time, -The max length they can correctly recall(50% of time) is their immediate digit span |
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What are three strengths of the multi-store model? |
-Case studies to support, Clive Wearing, HM by Milner show more than 1 store. -Glazner and Curtis Primary recency effect, can remember first and last items, supports displacement, more than 1 store -It is comprehensive, attempts to explain entire memory system, |
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Explain three weaknesses of the multi-store model |
-focus on rehearsal, doesn't explain how some info goes to LTM instantly -not enough focus on processes between stores -Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model STM too simple -Tulving, its an over simplification 3LTMs -artificial stimuli lacks external validity |
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Outline the multi-store model of memory |
Atkinson and Shiffrin model split into three stores: sensory register, STM, LTM. Memory transferred by attention and rehearsal, info kept in STM by maintenance rehearsal. Forgotten through decay, displacement, retrieval failure, and interference. Each store has different capacity, duration(limited or unlimited), and encoding(semantic or acoustic). |
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Outline a study of duration for Long-term memory |
-Bahrick et al. School year books -400 ex students from 3 months to 47 years -face, name recognition and free recall -even after 47 years accuracy= 80% names 70% photo 30% free |
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Describe a study of encoding for short-term memory and long-term memory. |
STM: Conrad, acoustically similar/dissimilar words. Substitution errors for similar words LTM: Baddeley, sematically similar/dissimilar words. Substitution errors for similar words, given task before recall. |
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What does the Peterson and Peterson study support? |
Duration of STM, used Peterson Brown technique, gave a trigram of letters and distracter task to prevent rehearsal. After 18 seconds less then 10% recall. |
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Describe Sensory Register. |
Part of multi-store model, receives incoming stimuli from 5 senses and stores in original modality. Duration of miliseconds. |
