Ati Exam Study

Front 1

Pregnancy Weight Gain

Back 1

The recommended weight gain during pregnancy varies for each woman depending on her
body mass index (BMI) and weight prior to pregnancy.
◯◯ Recommended weight gain during the first trimester is 2 to 4 lb.
◯◯ Trimesters 2 and 3:
■■ Normal weight client – 1 lb/week for a total of 25 to 35 lb.
■■ Underweight client – just more than 1 lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lb.
■■ Overweight client – 0.66 lb/week for a total of 15 to 25 lb.

Front 2

Lactating Women weight gain

Back 2

Lactating women require an increase in daily caloric intake. If the client is breastfeeding
during the postpartum period, an additional daily intake of 330 calories is recommended
during the first 6 months, and an additional daily intake of 400 calories is recommended
during the second 6 months.

Front 3

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Protein

Back 3

Nonpregnant: 46
Pregnant:71
Lactating:71

Front 4

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin A (mcg)

Back 4

Nonpregnant: 700
Pregnant:770
Lactating:1300

Front 5

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin C (mg)

Back 5

Nonpregnant: 75
Pregnant:85
Lactating:120

Front 6

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin D (mcg)*

Back 6

Nonpregnant: 5
Pregnant : 5
Lactating: 5

Front 7

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin E (mcg)

Back 7

Nonpregnant: 15
Pregnant: 15
Lactating: 19

Front 8

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin K (mcg)*

Back 8

Nonpregnant: 90
Pregnant: 90
Lactating: 90

Front 9

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Thiamin (mg)

Back 9

Nonpregnant: 1.1
Pregnant: 1.4
Lactating: 1.4

Front 10

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin B6 (mg)

Back 10

Nonpregnant: 1.3
Pregnant: 1.9
Lactating: 2.0

Front 11

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Folate (mcg)

Back 11

Nonpregnant: 400
Pregnant: 600
Lactating: 500

Front 12

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Vitamin B12 (mcg)

Back 12

Nonpregnant:2.4
Pregnant:2.6
Lactating:2.8

Front 13

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Calcium (mg)*

Back 13

Nonpregnant:1,000
Pregnant:1,000
Lactating:1,000

Front 14

RDAs of Major Vitamins
Iron (mg)

Back 14

Nonpregnant:18
Pregnant:27
Lactating:9

Front 15

Additional Dietary Recommendations
Pregnancy:
Fluids

Back 15

Fluid: 2,000 to 3,000 mL of fluids daily from food and drinks. Preferable fluids include
water, fruit juice, or milk. Carbonated beverages and fruit drinks provide little or no
nutrients.

Front 16

Additional Dietary Recommendations/Pregnancy:
Caffeine

Back 16

Caffeine: Caffeine crosses the placenta and can affect the movement and heart rate of the
fetus. However, moderate use (less than 300 mg/day) does not appear to be harmful.

Front 17

Additional Dietary Recommendations/Pregnancy:
Vegetarian diets

Back 17

Vegetarian diets: Well-balanced vegetarian diets that include dairy products can provide all
the nutritional requirements of pregnancy.

Front 18

Additional Dietary Recommendations/Pregnancy:
Folic Acid

Back 18

Folic acid intake: It is recommended that 600 mcg per day of folic acid be taken during
pregnancy. Current recommendations for lactating clients include 500 mcg of folic acid
per day. It is necessary for the neurological development of the fetus and to prevent birth
defects. It is essential for maternal red blood cell formation. Food sources include green
leafy vegetables, enriched grains, and orange juice.

Front 19

Additional Dietary Recommendations/Pregnancy:
Iron

Back 19

Iron can be obtained from dairy products and meats, especially red meats. Consuming
foods high in vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron.

Front 20

Dietary Complications During Pregnancy: Nausea

Back 20

For nausea, eat dry crackers or toast. Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, and spices. Avoid
drinking fluids with meals, and do not take medications to control nausea without
checking with the provider.

Front 21

Dietary Complications During Pregnancy: Constipation

Back 21

For constipation, increase fluid consumption and include extra fiber in the diet. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contain fiber.

Front 22

Maternal Phenylketonuria (PKU):

Back 22

This is a maternal genetic disease in which high levels of
phenylalanine poses danger to the fetus.
◯◯ It is important for a client to resume the PKU diet at least 3 months prior to
pregnancy, and continue the diet throughout pregnancy.
◯◯ The diet should include foods low in phenylalanine. Foods high in protein (fish,
poultry, meat, eggs, nuts, dairy products) must be avoided due to high phenylalanine
levels.
◯◯ The client’s blood phenylalanine levels should be monitored during pregnancy.
◯◯ These interventions will prevent fetal complications (mental retardation, behavioral
problems).

Front 23

Infant Growth Rates

Back 23

Birth weight doubles by 4 to 6 months and triples by 1 year of age. The need for calories
and nutrients is high to support the rapid rate of growth.
Appropriate weight gain averages 150 to 210 g (5 to 7 oz) per week during the first 5 to 6
months.
●● An infant grows approximately 2.5 cm (1 in) per month in height the first 6 months, and
approximately 1.25 cm (0.5 in) in height per month the last 6 months.
●● Head circumference increases rapidly during the first 6 months at a rate of 1.5 cm (0.6 in)
per month. The rate slows to 0.5 cm per month for months 6 to 12. By 1 year, head size
should have increased by 33%. This is reflective of the growth of the nervous system.

Front 24

Advantages of Breastfeeding

Back 24

Incidence of otitis media (ear infections), and gastrointestinal and respiratory
disorders are reduced. This is due to the transfer of antibodies from mother to
infant.
■■ Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in breast milk are predigested for ready
absorption.
■■ Breast milk is high in omega-3 fatty acids.
■■ Breast milk is low in sodium.
■■ Iron, zinc, and magnesium found in breast milk are highly absorbable.
■■ Calcium absorption is enhanced as the calcium-to-phosphorous ratio is 2 to 1.
■■ The risk of allergies is reduced.
■■ Maternal-infant bonding is promoted.

Front 25

Breastfeeding Teaching Points

Back 25

Expressed milk may be refrigerated in sterile bottles for use within 3 to 5 days, or
frozen in sterile containers for 3 to 6 months.
Thaw milk in the refrigerator, it can be stored for 24 hr after thawing
Avoid consuming freshwater fish or alcohol, and limit caffeine.
■■ Do not take medications unless prescribed by a provider.

Front 26

Weaning

Back 26

from the breast or bottle to a cupfrom the breast or bottle to a cup
between 5 to 8 months of age.
between 5 to 8 months of age.

Front 27

Sodium (Na)

Back 27

Major Actions: Maintains
fluid volume, allows muscle contractions, cardiovascular support
Major Sources: Table salt, added salts, processed foods, butter
Symp of Deficiency: Muscle
cramping, cardiac changes
Symp of Excess: Fluid retention, hypertension, CVA
Nursing Implications:Monitor
ECG, edema, and blood pressure.

Front 28

Potassium (K)

Back 28

Major Actions: Maintains
fluid volume inside/outside
cells, muscle action, blood
pressure, cardiovascular
support
Major Sources: Oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats,
broccoli, bananas
symptoms of Deficiency: Dysrhythmias, muscle cramps, confusion
symptoms of Excess: Dysrhythmias (caused by
supplements, potassiumsparing
diuretics, ACE inhibitors,
inadequate kidney function,
diabetes)
Nursing Implications: Monitor ECG and muscle tone. PO tabs irritate the GI system. Give with meals.

Front 29

Chloride (Cl)

Back 29

Major Actions: Bonds to
other minerals (esp. sodium)
to facilitate cellular actions
and reactions, fluid balance
Major Sources: Table salt
symptoms of Deficiency: Rare
symptoms of Excess: In concert with sodium, results
in high blood pressure
Nursing Implications: Monitor
sodium levels.

Front 30

Calcium (Ca)

Back 30

Major Actions: Bones/teeth,
cardiovascular support, blood
clotting, nerve transmission
Major Sources: Dairy, broccoli, kale, grains,
egg yolks
symptoms of Deficiency: Osteoporosis, tetany,
Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s
signs, ECG changes
symptoms of Excess: Constipation, kidney stones
Nursing Implications: Monitor ECG and muscle tone. Give
PO tabs with vitamin D.

Front 31

Magnesium
(Mg)

Back 31

Major Actions: Bone nourishment, catalyst for
many enzyme reactions,
nerve/muscle function, CV
support
Major Sources: Green leafy
vegetables, nuts, grains,
meat, milk
symptoms of Deficiency: Weakness, dysrhythmias,
tetany, seizure, reduced
blood clotting, eclampsia
symptoms of Excess: Diarrhea, kidney stones,
decreased muscle control,
CV changes
Nursing Implications: Incompatible
with some
antibiotics.
Give PO, 2 hr
apart.

Front 32

Phosphorus (P)

Back 32

Major Actions: Energy transfer of RNA/DNA, acid-base balance, bone and teeth
formation
Major Sources: Dairy, peas,
soft drinks, meat, eggs, some grains
symptoms of Deficiency: Calcium level changes, muscle weakness
symptoms of Excess:Skeletal
porosity, decreased calcium levels, must stay in balance with calcium
Nursing Implications: Evaluate the use of antacids (note type) and the use of
alcohol.

Front 33

Sulfur (S)

Back 33

Major Actions A component of vitamin structure, by-product of protein metabolism
Major Sources: Dried fruits
(dates, raisins, apples), eats,
red and white wines
symptoms of Deficiency: Only seen in severe protein
malnourishment, found in
all proteincontaining foods
symptoms of Excess: Toxicity has a very low risk
Nursing Implications: Sulfur
levels are not usually monitored.