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37 Cards in this Set
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Velazquez (1599-1660) |
-Spanish, went to Rome (1629-31) (1649-51) -Collection of books on Da Vinci and use of light (seen in Medici Paintings) -Painter under Phillip IV (made famous portrait for him)-Wanted to be part of royalty (cross of santiago) he’s shown wearing that in Las medians -Phillip IV had lots and Titian and Rubens in collection, shaped him -Court decorator, less time to paint later -Before traveling to Italy first time, he used an opaque red primer and thick pigments, and after Italy he used a white primer |
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Velazquez Readings |
1. Brown 2. Moffitt: mythology 3. Alpers: Velazquez is showing his status, cross of Santiago 4. Steinberg: Las Meninas has many vanishing points and is a puzzle 5. Ovid: for the spinners 6. Tomlinson: main character is the Infanta. The king and Queen are next to us |
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-The Triumph of Bacchus or Los borrachos (1628); Velazquez -AUTHORS: Brown and Moffitt (myth) -Bacchus dressed in ancient clothing, others in contemporaries (bright) -others break 4th wall, drawing you into painting-Bacchus signifies prudence and drinking in moderation -He is known for giving wine to mortals -Division between bacchus and commoners; commoners are dark -lightens bacchus after coming back from italy |
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-Forge of the Vulcans (1629); Velazquez -AUTHOR: Moffitt -Apollo very flowy and enlightened -Vulcan supposed to be deformed but shown as perfected -other figures same as vulcan different positions-Apollo coming to tell vulcan that aphrodite is cheating with mars -contemporary setting except apollo |
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-Las Meninas (1656); Velazquez -AUTHORS: Brown, Foucault, Alpers, Steinberg,Tomlinson, Moffatt -Brown: setting -specific viewer in mind, hung in phillip Iv study -perceived viewer is us, but subject being painted in painting is to be king and queen -mirrors are not a sign, they only reflect what is present -Foucault: emulation -belived that we are the queen king -being watched and watching -lots of frames, but overall image is boundless -Alpers: nobility -velzaquez tries to show royalty -wearing the cross of santiago -puts himself into a royal painting -northern (as part) and albertian (looking into) perspective combined for first time in this one -based of painting of arnolfini portrait with curved mirror of van eyck -Steinberg: perspective -several vanishing points, makes triangle between king and queen and mirror -tomlinson: -central character is infanta margarita -velazquez shows he’s at ease -moffatt: -velazquez doesn’t mock mythologies -little girl holding pottery that people used to drug with |
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-The Spinners (1648); Velazquez -Velazquez used version where arachne was not royal, like him; saw himself in her plight -satire of royalty -weaving at painting time is female, greek times is males -women are SPINNERS, not weavers -5 levels in the painting-athena and arachne in roman gear -titian’s rape of europa in background as tapestry -satirical/push to be royal-women in the front are anonymous -brown: actions of painting -velazquez wanted to be royal, couldn’t -used titian as example commoner painter becoming royalty -looks like a everyday life scene, but its not -tomlinson: composition -foreground women don’t know whats happening in back |
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-Villa Medicis; Velazquez -Dispute over whether painted 1st or second time in italy -open air sketches, becoming popular at time -small so that oil doesn’t dry out too quickly-used “screens” of light, more complex and adds depth -shows influence of camera oscura |
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-St. Anthony The Abbot And St. Paul The First Hermit (1635); Velazquez -shows movement of st. anthony -loose style gave them unfinished look -Wet paint on wet paint also softened the look |
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Murillo (1617-1682) |
-from sevilla but to madrid and then back sevilla-especially famous in 19th century when he had resurgent popularity -self portrait using tromp lo’eil: hand out of frame -lots of beggars and religious paintings -Painted over 70 virgin marys |
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Murillo Readings |
1. Brown and Tomlinson |
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-Jesus and St. John (1655-1660); Murillo -we know they both are going to die -Art of immediacy (stoichita); supposed to invoke a certain emotion of saddness but also happiness from their play |
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-Adoration of the shepherds (1650); Murillo |
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Mengs (1728-1779) |
-German; during rule of Phillip V of Bourbons and continued for Charles III -Mengs met Winkelman: father of modern art history -winkelmann values imitation of ancient grecian art and idealizing women -Charles III enlightened despot, wanted spain to be more cosmopolitan and invited many foreign artists |
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Mengs Redings |
1. Winkelmann 2. Brown. Context about the history |
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-Portrait of Winkelmann; Mengs -tries to be neoclassical, but not really more baroque because he was part of monarchy aka not in vogue in france at time |
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-Portrait of Charles III; Mengs -attempted neoclassicism but still baroque |
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Goya (1746-1828) |
-Tomlinson: history of goya -court painter -venetian -came to madrid to do tapestries in 1775 -tired of tapestries, deaf (1792), dark paintings made -recovered from illness in duchess alba’s house -rejected from royal academy of arts twice; reason why he didn’t copy the older styles -french revolution impt to him -inspired him to paint common people and started him on a romanticism kick |
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Readings for Goya |
1. Tomlinson 2. Shultz 3. Addison: imagination one 4. Stoichita: the infanta don louis and his family |
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-The Naked Maja (1800); Goya -Painted for Godoy who was member of Royal Guard -subject unclear: could be godoy’s lover OR duchess of alba -goya has more straightforward nudity style -maja straightforward gaze, and is angular and awkward -Clothing is contemporary but shows she is not of power -naked done before clothed, there was a screen to switch between 2 -inquisition got him in trouble had to go through a tribunal |
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-Family of Charles IV; Goya -Modernized and family based monarchy -Queen at center even though king was prominent, maybe mirrored power structure of relationship -Showed court’s unity-Infanta pepe has beauty mark in painting -IRL queen had beauty mark but can’t see b/c profile -Queen showed prettier than actually-Goya in the back painting |
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-Tapestries paintings (Santa Barbara, Straw Man); Goya -show common people of the 18th century -show majos and majas -nobility was angry that difference between upper and middle classes disappearing -upper class start copying lower maja class; also seen as nationalist as they veer away from french fashion -fishnets, short skirts, no powder in hair -children playing shows influence of enlightenment (roseau) |
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-The Wedding; Goya -Tapestry painting -Mauratin wrote a play about women leaving pre-arranged marriages (“The yes of women”) -goya painting something reminiscent of the play |
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-Death Bed of the Impenitent; Goya -depicts a miracle -St. Francis appears with a crucifix -jesus becomes animated and reaches into francis and throws his soul onto dying man -saves man from immortal sin -monsters in background reminiscent of bosch |
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-Infanta and His family; Goya -Tomlinson -high and low class elements shown -noble fam not royal-goya’s hierarchical inferiority shown as he is sitting in the painting -14 people in painting, only 5 in infanta’s family -an experimental, artificial lighting -profiles may have been affected by lavatory, who thought that studying a profile was way to their soul -Woman is getting hair done; a private room painted shows beginning of privacy -Goya on left of painting; positioned lower with a curved necl. shows he's below the rich |
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-Duchess of Alba; Goya -Personal relationship with goya -aristocrat who mingled with lower class -not very cultivated -no wig, no powdered hair -doll-like style very popular |
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-Third of May; Goya -Shows death of unknown hero; stands for all unknown soldiers who died in posterity -archetypical painting-people thought goya -creates relationship b/w unknown soldier and viewer -christ-like pose |
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-Munarriz; Goya -portrait -translated “pleasures of imagination” by addison -holding “the spectator”; published his work -Addison says brain can imagine and produce nightmares, like Goya’s paintings -People wonder if black paingintins are about addison, metaphor for spain, or based on addison-Addison says sight most impt of the senses, brings ideas -touch helps understand sight-art can create the perfect nature |
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-Los caprichos (Schulz); Goya -etchings show people in satire; about sight and gluttony -very sexual and bring up hypocrisy -blindness is reoccurring theme -closed eyes, loss of sleep, drunkeness -people show limited hearing or taste (deformed organs for sense) -Links gluttony with animalistic traits and savagery -Satirizes education that is meant to scare children -ideals in caprichos are inspired by john locke; achieved through satirization of extreme opposite of enlightenment -Sleep of Reason produces monsters: nightmares show spanish society |
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-Black Paintings (Tomlinson); Goya -1819, painted on the walls of his house -Broad strokes of paint -Talks of the psychology of masses (mob mentality) -there is not one best way to interpret these paintings -some have same subjects as tapestry paintings |
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-Miracle of St. Anthony; Goya -Fresco -He saw frescos in Paris -church has panoramic view -majos and majas are angels -no clear vanishing point -breaking of the glory |
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-Last will of Isabel I; Rosales (1836-1873) -Isabel dictating her will from deathbed -Deathbed scenes now to be comforting; no more devils or demons at death -Based of Poe’s “dying woman is the most beautiful woman” -passivity of women were good -creates archetype of women being defenseless and powerless -dying, white, sick mad women became archetypes -ferdinand looks sad but remarries almost immediately after -woman on left impt because she was latin teacher for princess (literate woman) -unfinished look, made it look more modern |
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-Death of Lucerce; Rosales (1836-1873) -She is raped and then kills herself after telling brother and father -signifies moment in which monarchy end in Rome -Republican subject -Palace Athena in the back -Unfinished look |
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-Fusilamiento de Torrijos (1888); Gisbert (1834-1901) -Spanish painter -commissioned to paint it by the liberal government -Shows people being executed by ferdinand Vii’s troops -not conventional; doesn’t have strict framing top hat and hands are partially in frame -freezes moment before their death -shows people from different social classes from diff parts of country -Torrijos was a liberal general and Ferdinand 7th told him to return, but he was killed -commissioned 30-40 yrs after |
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Rosales Readings |
1. Bann: re-defining history 2. Labanyi: not sure |
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Gisbert Readings |
1. Bann |
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Pradilla Readings |
1. Bann: re-defining history 2. Labanyi: not sure 3. Soliño: Juana la loca, whether or not she was crazy. |
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-Doña Juana la Loca; Pradilla (1848-1901) -Daughter of Isabel and Ferdinand, wife of phllip II -After husband and mother die, she is queen of castle -after husbands death moves body to granada some think she did this bc she crazy others because she wanted to delay remarriage so that her son would be king -romanticized figure -thought she had hysteria which affected women on a biological basis -rumors that she poisoned phillip-Reading: painting famous b/c symbolized natl state at the time -sense of incompleteness, popular at the time -painted child-like with blank stare |
