Art History I Exam 2

Front 1

What is one way to differentiate the Greeks, Etruscans, and the Romans in terms of sexuality?

Back 1

*Greeks - men were for pleasure, women for function

*Etruscans were couple-based. Men and women equal

*Romans thought Etruscans were barbaric

Front 2

The beginning of Greece was the beginning of the notion of the ____________

Back 2

The importance of the person

INDIVIDUALITY

Front 3

What was the measure of all things?

Back 3

Man and how man understood things around them

Front 4

What is the difference between men and gods in the Greek culture?

Back 4

The only difference was mortality.

*Remember! Man and gods were on equal grounds

Front 5

In Greek culture, what was the perfect individual?

Back 5

Intelligence and Strength.
Mind + Body

*Remember! A sound mind and a sound body

Front 6

In Greek culture, what sets man and animals apart?

Back 6

Intelligence

Front 7

In Greek culture, how does one develop the intellect? And what were these people called?

Back 7

*Discuss political and scientific ideas with educated debates

*Winning arguments no matter what the truth was

*These people were called sophists

Think: SOPHISTicated

Front 8

What is the name greatest artistic achievement of Greek sculpture and what did it accomplish?

Back 8

Winged Victory, this piece is concerned with man, nature, and reason

Front 9

In Greek artwork, what is the most important subject?

Back 9

Man

*Remember, man is the measure of all

Front 10

So, we know that the ideal person has a sound mind and a sound body.

What did these two things lead to? And why was the physical so important?

Back 10

A Sound Mind (Intellect) led to

*logic

*democracy

*reason

*mathematics

A Sound Body (Physical Exercise) led to

*natural image of man in art

*The Olypmics. Which was in the nude.

This was to celebrate the body

Front 11

There are four stages in Greek Art.

What are they in order?

Back 11

Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic

Front 12

How can one determine something is Geometric?

Back 12

For proto, look for simple designs, pottery, and ceramics

For Geo, look for Gorgons, the Chariott scene, the 7 dolphins

Front 13

In sculpture, how do you know something is Archaic

Back 13

Just look for that smile. In terms of sculpture, the body was still made of shapes, but smoother.

Front 14

What was the use for each gender in Greek culture?

Back 14

Men was for pleasure, women were for function

Front 15

What is the biggest art achievement of all time and who did it?

Back 15

The body in MOTION!

All Greece! Nor more of that side front side business!

Front 16

What's one other way to know something is Greek in sculptures? (hair)

Back 16

Look for longer, curly hair.

Front 17

What is so significant with Archaic sculpture? (think Egypt)

Back 17

The figure is free from the stone!

Front 18

What is korous?

Back 18

Figures of nude men that can stand on their own

Front 19

What is Kor?

Back 19

Figures of clothed women.

Front 20

"The hips don't lie"

This is what Greek Era and what piece started it all?

Back 20

Contra-posta set in Classical Greece. The Kridios Boy

Front 21

The Archaic had that special smile, what was different from that and the Classical Era?

Back 21

Classical Era showed no emotion.

*Classical -> calm

Showing emotion was bad luck!

Front 22

What was the Greek Classical Achievement? Give me some examples.

Back 22

Freestanding body in MOTION

*Discus Thrower

*Spearbearer by Polychlydos

Front 23

What huge event was happening during the Helenistic Era and what did it consist of?

Back 23

Polynesian War

*political and social unrest

*Civil Wars

*Gods became insignificant

*Rise in individual concern

*Man became even MORE important!

Front 24

We've got that Archaic smile and the calm Classical, what's so special about Hellenistic?

Back 24

We can finally pay attention to the mental and emotional state of man. These are the emotions that make you human.

Front 25

During the Hellenistic, what god do we start to see and why is this important?

Back 25

Aphrodite, the goddess of love, affection, and interpersonal communication.

Introduction to the female nude form which shows the softness and sensuality of the body

Front 26

Give me two examples of Hellenistic sculptures shown in class

Back 26

Hermes and Dionesus
*shows the sense of gentle affection between man and child



The Dying Gaul
*contrast to the Dying Warrior, we see the weight of death, the internal struggle, the feeling of the inevitable

Front 27

With Greek Architecture, what were they made of?

Back 27

Undressed with mud and stone

Front 28

What were Greek homes made of?

Back 28

Mud and thatched roofed huts

Front 29

What were temples for in Greek culture? Who could enter?

Back 29

Designed for everyday life.

Accessible to all.

Front 30

How were temples built in Greece?

Back 30

Post in Lintel, no glue, no adhesive

*Purely based on physics

Front 31

In the four eras, only three of them had a distinct column style. Which era and column was affiliated with which?

Back 31

Geometric did not have a column style

*Archaic -> Doric (masculine)

*Classical -> Ionic (feminine)

*Hellenistic -> Corinthian

Front 32

What are some differences of these three columns, and where have they originated from?

Back 32

Doric - > Archaic

*Simple

*fat

*masculine

Ionic (think of the name Iona) -> Classical

*slender

*decorative

*feminine

Corinthian -> Hellenistic

*Ultra detailed

*Ultra decorative

Front 33

The Greeks understood that people perceive things differently, In Greek architecture, what were some of the things they did to give the illusion of perfection?

Back 33

*Built columns fatter, to appear straight while looking up

*Built walls leaned inward to appear straight looking up

*For stairs, they built them with an upward curve to appear straight on all sides

They understood optics and optical illusion

Front 34

What was the general layout of Greek temples?

Back 34

Front porches (entry point)

Main room (statues of gods)

Back room (Treasury or storage)

Front 35

The Erecthium Temple was pretty special, one of it's kind. Where is it from, What era is it from, and what's so special about it?

Back 35

Greece, Classical Era (Ionic) and it was the only Greek temple that was asymmetric and had three porches.

It also had women as the columns known as the Caryatids

Front 36

What was one of the most notable Corinthian monumental structures? On what was it built on and why?

What idea was it conveying?

Back 36

The Acropolis was built on the highest point on a mountain top. It was to be viewed and be accessible to all.

*Conveys the idea of virtuousness and knowledge.

Front 37

What did the Etruscans believe in and how do we know that?

Back 37

Life after death, and they built necropolises.

*Cities of the dead.

Front 38

Who were necroplises for? And why are necropolises important in terms of archaeology?

Back 38

They were for everyone. No matter the wealth or class.

These are very important in terms of archaeology because they give us insight on how the Etruscans lived. Not many people have looted them.

People don't mess with the dead.

Front 39

Based on Etruscan beliefs, why were necropolises built?

Back 39

They believed in life after death, therefore Etruscans built them homes with EVERYTHING the dead might possibly need.

Built entire cities completely separated from the living.

If they have everything, they don't need to bother and haunt the living.

Ghost: "Can I borrow a cup of sugar?"

Front 40

The Etruscans were similar to the Greeks, but what are three things that made them different?

Back 40

*Couple-based society where men + women were equal

*Loved celebrating the body

*Loved grooming and taking care of the body

Front 41

In Etruscan culture, what did artwork mostly depict?

Back 41

Dining, dancing, and sexual exploration with one another

Front 42

The Egyptians were known to embalm, but what practice did the Etruscans do?

Back 42

They started cremation which was the beginning of the urns

Front 43

Give me a few Etruscan inventions

Back 43

Toga, the arch, gladiator contests, city blocks

Front 44

How was the Etruscan temples different from the Greeks?

Back 44

One stair, one porch, three doorways

Front 45

What was Roman work based on?

Back 45

Based on what it meant to be Roman. Power, strength, etc.

Front 46

Who was Rome named after?

Back 46

Named after Romulus

Front 47

In Roman families, the Patrician was the head male of the family. What happened when they died?

Back 47

Created a hyper-realistic portrait head out of wax and kept in the home.

*Showed family ancestry

Front 48

In Roman culture, what was a big deal?

Back 48

The home. Vesta, the goddess of the hearth was an important figure.

*The lineage, your family name, bearing healthy children family was extremely important

Front 49

With Patrician portraits, (which always look so stern) why were they so realistic?

Back 49

They showed every scratch, mole, zit, or wart. Every flaw made you who you were.

A Roman

Front 50

Ancient Rome is similar to America how?

Back 50

They were a melting pot of cultures.

*Even in their architecture, you can see elements of Greek, Etruscan, etc.

Front 51

We've established that Rome's architecture fostered details of other cultures, what did their temples symbolize?

Back 51

Symbolized the spoils of war.

*Remember! Rome conquered Greece and the Etruscans and other areas. They left the artisans alone to build their monuments and let people keep their cultures.

*They kept expanding to the countrysides and in order to persuade people to join them, they had elements of their cultures throughout the cities. To make them feel connected

Front 52

What is this building?

Back 52

*Trajan Column

*Rome

*98ft tall and painted in gold

Front 53

What was Rome's go-to building material?

What was the oldest example of it being used?

Back 53

Concrete. Fortuna Primigenia

Front 54

This roman structure only took 17 years to build. What method did they use in it's design.

Back 54

The colosseum using the barrel vault method

Front 55

What are these Roman structures and why are they important?

Back 55

These are aqueducts, they were used to bring water in the city.

*built at a slant so gravity can act on water

*Plumbing

Front 56

Where did the lower class live and where did they bathe?

Back 56

*Lived in apartments

*first floor was lined with shops, and people live above it

They bathed in public bathhouses together.

*Was a social event

*Co-ed

Front 57

What artistic endeavor did the Romans invent?

Back 57

Masters of painting

*Figured out perspective and architectural space

*Made murals on walls

*First examples of 1 and 3 point perspective and reflective painting

Front 58

What was a very important animal to the Greeks?

Back 58

The bull. Not everyone could obtain a bull to sacrifice, so they made little statues instead.